Page 27 - Topic 3

• Explain how the uniqueness of hydrogen using electron
the spectra of elements can energy levels
be used to identify the • Explain how stimulated
presence of an element emission can produce
• Explain the production of coherent light in a laser.
characteristic X-rays in an X- • Explain the conditions
ray tube. required for stimulated
• Explain how the presence of emission to predominate over
discrete frequencies in line absorption when light is
emission spectra provides incident on a set of atoms.
evidence for the existence of • Describe the useful properties
states with discrete energies of laser light (i.e. it is coherent
in atoms. and monochromatic, and may
• Solve problems involving be of high intensity).
emitted photons and electron • Discuss the requirements for
energy levels of atoms. the safe handling of lasers.
• Draw electron energy-level
diagrams to represent the
energies of different states in
an atom.
• Given an electron energy-level
diagram, calculate the
frequencies and wavelengths
of lines corresponding to
specified transitions.
• Draw, on an electron energy-
level diagram of hydrogen,
transitions corresponding to
each of the series terminating
at the three lowest-energy
levels
• Relate the magnitude of the
transitions on an electron
energy-level diagram to the
region in the electromagnetic
spectrum of the emitted
photons (ultraviolet, visible, or
infrared).
• Using an energy-level
diagram, determine the
ionisation energy (in either
joules or electronvolts) of
hydrogen.
• Describe the line absorption
spectrum of an atom, for
example, hydrogen.
• On an energy-level diagram,
draw transitions
corresponding to the line
absorption spectrum of
hydrogen.
• Explain why there are no
absorption lines in the visible
region for hydrogen at room
temperature.
• Account for the presence of
absorption lines (Fraunhofer
lines) in the Sun’s spectrum.
• Draw, on an energy-level
diagram of, for example,
hydrogen, the production of
multiple photons via
fluorescence.
• Analyse and explain the
characteristic wavelengths,
fluorescence, and line spectra
for elements other than