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Over seven decades have elapsed since I started as a &RQWHQWV
boy to chase after butterflies and shortly afterwards to
document their biology, phenology & ethology. Hence
the long list of people and institutions that helped me
# 7 About the author & editors 110 Pseudochazara telephassa
in many different ways and should be acknowledged for 9 Introduction to Vol. III 114 Pseudochazara pelopea
contributing to the publication of Vol III, the second in 10 Climate change and Butterfly Diversity. 116 Pseudochazara mamurra
the series on the Levant butterflies. It is also evident that 10 Butterfly conservation in the Levant. 118 Pseudochazara mniszechii
it is impossible to enumerate everyone who supported 11 The Wider Levant and its Butterflies 119 Pseudochazara lidya
me along such a long track and I send all these good 12 Acknowledgements 120 Satyrus makmal
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 1 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Magenta
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 1 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Yellow
“anonymous” souls my deepest appreciation for their 14 How to use the book 121 Satyrus favonius
#21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 1 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Black
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 1 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Cyan
help. 122 Satyrus ferula
124 Ypthima asterope
0HQDJHPHQW PHQWRUV DQG PHPEHUV RI WKH ,VUDHOL 128 Proterebia phegea
/HSLGRSWHULVWV· 6RFLHW\ ,/6 16 1\PSKDOLGDH
0HQDJHPHQW Eliav Shnei-dor, Moshe Laudon, Inbal Sinai 18 1\PSKDOLGDH JHQHUD /LIH F\FOH 130 +HOLFRQLLQDH
& Ofir Tomer. 130 Issoria lathonia
5HJLRQDO *HQHUDO PHQWRUV Zvika Avni (South), Gadi 26 /LE\WKHLQDH 132 Clossiana euphrosyne
Ish-Am (North), Alon Toledo (Center), Evyatar Feingold (C 27 Libythea celtis 133 Brenthis daphne
Negev), Guy Pe’er, Oz Ben-Yehuda, Noam Kirshenbaum. 134 *HQXV Argynnis
0RQLWRULQJ V\VWHPV over 250 members in BMS 28 'DQDLQDH 135 Argynnis niobe
Israel regularly send their records every two weeks from 28 Danaus chrysippus 136 Argynnis aglaja
over 200 fix tracks, led by: Racheli Shwarz-Tsachor, Tal 36 Danaus plexippus 137 Argynnis adippe
Melochna, Leah Benyamini, Achiad Sade, Ilana Erez & 138 Argynnis pandora
Inbar Ktalav, but also by regional mentors: Shur Antebi, 38 &KDUD[LQDH 140 Argynnis paphia
Tamar Arazuni, Dudu Ben-Or, Ilit Bloch, Orly Galor, Merav 38 Charaxes hansali
Hazan, Tally Jacobi, Naomi Margalit, Yiftach Mazar, Eyal 40 Charaxes jasius 142 /LPHQLWLGLQDH
Mazliah, David Mosco, Itai Namir, Naomi Sivan & Noga 143 Limenitis reducta
Tolger.
Sporadic monitoring of groups and individuals from all 42 6DW\ULQDH 148 %LELOLGLQDH
over the country are reported and “deposited” directly 43 Melanitis leda 148 Byblia ilithyia & Byblia anvatara
into BMS’ portals. 44 Kirinia roxelana
Photographs are deposited daily in ILS web & Facebook 46 Lasiommata maera 150 1\PSKDOLQDH
sites by over 100 photographers (Monitored by: Yaron 48 Lasiommata megera 151 Vanessa cardui
Mish’an, Moshe Laudon & Shalev Weisman). 50 Pararge aegeria 156 Vanessa atalanta
All the records are collected and transferred to the BMS 52 Coenonympha arcania 162 Aglais urticae
data management portal using Israel Pe’er’s (Glucad) IT 54 Coenonympha pamphilus 164 Nymphalis polychloros
(Information Technology) tools, smartphone applications 55 Coenonympha saadi 166 Nymphalis xanthomelas
and database. GIS is managed by Ronen Kadmon, Hebrew 56 Hyponephele lycaon (incl. lycaonoides) 167 Polygonia c-album
University Jerusalem. 58 Hyponephele lupinus 168 Polygonia egea
The influx of the records enriches our knowledge on the 60 Hyponephele wagneri 170 Junonia hierta
local fauna, moreover, these are excellent tools to alert 62 Maniola jurtina 174 Junonia orithya
on the appearance of rare migrants or species new to the 64 Maniola telmessia 176 Hypolimnas misippus
southern Levant and are used by DB across the books 66 Maniola cypricola 178 7ULEH 0HOLWDHLQL
and are gratefully acknowledged. 68 Maniola megala 182 Melitaea cinxia
/HSLGRSWHUD UHODWHG FRUUHVSRQGHQFH contact with 70 Melanargia titea 184 Melitaea phoebe
the following experts was essential to obtain the most 74 Melanargia wiskotti 186 Melitaea (super-species phoebe)
up to date and correct information used across the 76 Melanargia syriaca & M.telona complex
whole series: Ali Atahan, Moran Avni, Werner Back, 78 Brintesia circe 188 Melitaea telona
Jem Babbington, Zsolt Bálint, Gian Cristoforo Bozano, 80 Chazara briseis 190 Melitaea klili n. sp.
Suncana Bradley, Steve Collins, John Coutsis, Wolfgang 82 Chazara persephone 192 Melitaea collina
Eckweiler, Ulf Eitschberger, Gary Feulner, Konrad Fiedler, 86 Hipparchia 194 Melitaea arduinna levantina n. ssp.
Victor (Vic) Hitchings, Brigitte Howarth, Eddie John, 88 Hipparchia fatua 198 Melitaea acentria acentria
David Jutzeler, Tristan Lafranchis, Torben Larsen, Ronny 92 Hipparchia statilinus 202 Melitaea acentria arabica n. ssp.
Leestmans, Vladimir Lukhtanov, Christodoulos Makris, 94 Hipparchia syriaca 206 Melitaea d. didyma & M. d. libanotica
;DYLpU 9pURQLTXH 0pULW =GHQĚN 0UDÿHN *QWHU 0OOHU 96 Hipparchia senthes 208 Melitaea israela n. sp.
Lazaros Pamperis, Guy Pe’er, Tony Pittaway, Peter Russell, 98 Hipparchia pellucida 212 Melitaea syriaca
Sean Ryan, Klaus Schurian, Gianluca Serra, Arthur M. 99 Hipparchia mersina 214 Melitaea deserticola
100 Hipparchia cypriensis
Shapiro, David Smith, Gerard Talavera, Wolfgang ten-
© Leah Benyamini Verovnik, José Luis Viejo, Roger Vila, Laurent Voisin, Jean- 103 Hipparchia pisidice 218 Glossary & Abbreviations
217 Melitaea athalia
102 Hipparchia parisatis
Hagen, John Tennent, Jeremy Thomas, Tom Tolman, Rudi
106 Hipparchia tewfiki
Claude Weiss, Martin Wiemers, Mark Williams, Steve
220 Systematic List
108 Pseudochazara anthelea
Woodhall and Noushig Zarikian - their contributions are
222 References and selected Bibliography
appreciated.

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2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 12 12/30/2021 4:20:13 PM 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 5 12/30/2021 4:20:09 PM