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Maniola telmessia Zeller, 1847 Eastern Meadow Brown 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 4 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Cyan

One of the commonest satyrids of the Levant, M. telmessia
resembles the European M. jurtina with which it flies
together in S Turkey. Females aestivate in the summer 4
months, their reappearance in autumn occasionally
leading to the belief that the species has several broods:
“..so on the coast (of Lebanon) at least, there are likely
to be three broods.” (Larsen, 1974: 138). A single © Dubi Benyamini © Dubi Benyamini © Dubi Benyamini
observation of ravining-like behaviour was observed in
Park Canada C Israel, on 1 April 2008 (Tomer, 2008b).
Territorial male expelling V. cardui out of its territory
was observed by DB near Belen, Hatay. Fruit nectaring
is seldom observed. Males eclosing several days before
the females. After mating, aestivating females hide DGXOW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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among rocks and bushes in shady places, flying shortly lar v a
pupa
in morning or late afternoon for short nectaring, but
reappearing permanently to oviposit from September
until late October, seldom to early November. Rarely
single males that aestivated with females reappear
in the fall and are on alert should their “services”
be needed; on 27.9.2018 inside the Mediterranean © Ofir Tomer © Dubi Benyamini © Christodoulos Makris
forest around Mitspe Hila in upper Galilee N Israel in
a six hours combined monitoring effort; 163 females
and one “stand by” sap-feeding male were observed
(Benyamini, 2018c). Similar phenomenon exist in C
Europe “..Regarding late flying Maniola (jurtina males) © Dubi Benyaminiminini n n n n n n n n ni ni n ni n n n ni n n ni n n n n n n n n n n n n n n ni n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n i i i i i i i i i i i i
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from warm places in Austria I know the phenomenon and
it has always surprised me. Maybe a strategy to mate
with virgin aestivating females?” (Andrea Grill’s reply to
DB’s question re “stand by males”).
%LRORJ\
)OLJKW SHULRG February (in upper Jordan Valley) to June,
Israel, from -100 m (bsl) at lower Nahal Amud, NW
Lake of Galilee (Caspi & Tomer, 2004) to 2000 m at Mt © Shalev Waismen © Yuval Evron © Yuval Evron
Hermon local peak (Talal, 2009b); April–October SL to
2000 m in Hatay (Atahan et al., 2018: 95); 1545-1828
m Al-Lazzab reserve Syrian Anti-Lebanon range (Zarikian
& Ghrejyan, 2018); May-October SL to middle height in
Lebanon (Larsen, 1974: 138); March/April–September/
October from -230 m to 1050 m, N Jordan (Katbeh-
n. ab. morag Benyamini, 2021
Bader et al., 2003; Larsen & Nakamura, 1983). Israel, Ma’ale HaHamisha, 800 m, 10.5.1980
/LIH KLVWRU\ univoltine. Females fly low, settle in open
places on litter, lower FW among RW and “disappear”,
or hiding under shrubs and their margins over the soil.
Egg laying is induced by rain; In Hatay, females that
were collected and caged from 21.9 until 25.9 along the
Amanos Mountains laid eggs simultaneously when rain
started and L1 started to hatch 7-10 days later on 2.10.
Females that were collected in various places on Mt
Carmel, N Israel between 27-29.9 started to lay eggs on
29.9 when rain started. In a cage that was located near
a western window with direct afternoon sun eggs were n. ab. ofir Benyamini, 2021
laid from 11:50 until 16:30 and first L1 were observed Israel, Mt Matat, 800 m, 26.5.2009
five days later. Females prefer to lay in crevices of bark
of Quercus spp and other Mediterranean wood like
Pinus, Pistacia and Ceratonia spp. But also on dry stalks
of grasses. Fresh egg is cream, turning to yellow a day
later and 2-3 days later gets reddish-brown spots. It is
barrel shaped 0.6 mm diam and 0.6-0.7 mm high. The
upper flat area is composed of an internal circle with © Dubi Benyamini © Samir Hamza © Dubi Benyamini
© Yuval Evron
© Dubi Benyamini
64 49
2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 64 12/30/2021 4:23:00 PM 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 49 12/30/2021 4:22:09 PM