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 Hipparchia statilinus (Hüfnagel, 1766)                    Tree Grayling


 A rare satyrine of Northern Levant where it is confined to   5HFRUGHG  KRVWSODQWV  in Europe Poaceae (Gramineae)
 Hatay and N Syria. (Atahan et al., 2018: 75, Günter Müller   –  Anisantha,  Brachypodium,  Bromus,  Bothriochola,
 pers. comm. and Murad Salimeh Syrian Butterflies web   Dactylis,  Deschampsia,  Festuca,  Lygaeum,  Poa and
 site). On 4-8 August 1999 fresh-looking statilinus males   Stipa spp. (Tolman & Lewington, 1997: 196; Tuzov et al.,
 #
 and females were observed in Gebel el Ansariya, NE   1997(1): 242).
 Latakia near Al Hajar between 1300 to 1500 m and again
 on 23 September 2018 in “Latakia mountains, coastal
 area NW Syria” these locations are at the northern part   'LVWULEXWLRQ
 of the Syrian coastal range and not far from the Turkish
 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 6 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Magenta
 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 6 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Yellow
 SRSXODWLRQ  DW  .L]LOGDø   VRXWK  $PDQRV  0W  UDQJH   %RWK   TL: “Umgebung Berlin”, Germany. Distributed from
 #21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 6 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Black
 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 6 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Cyan
 populations exhibit isolated  statilinus communities at   NW Africa in Morocco, N Algiers and NW Tunisia, from   © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini  © Vladimir Savchuk  © Vladimir Savchuk
 its southern distributional limit in NW Levant, which is   Portugal across S & C Europe to Turkey, European
 farther emphasized by the lack of records from environs   Russia, N Syria, Caucasus, Transcaucasus and NW Iran.
 of Aleppo in NW Syria unless Zarikian 2016 overlooked   Numerous local forms were described but not accepted
 it being similar externally to  Hipparchia fatua and  H.   as full subspecies except ssp. sylvicola Austaut from NW
 pisidice though lighter and smaller. Likewise Hesselbarth   Africa. The nominal ssp.  Hipparchia  s.  statilinus flies
 et al., (1995(3): 782) did not report it in Hatay in their   in N Levant. Classified by Kudrna (1977) in subgenus
 distribution map. Habitats reported as dry rocky, steppe,   Neohipparchia (Sbordoni et al., 2018: 101).
 among scrubs or open Pine forests. In a detailed article
 Pinzari (2009) described courting and mating behaviour
 of H. statilinus in the Central Appennines (Italy). Following
 Tinbergen (1972) she described six courtship steps in an
 Ethogram i.e.: “Fanning”, “Circling”, “Bowing”, “Antenna
 orientation”, “Copulation attempt” and “Clasping” – see   © Vladimir Savchuk
 introduction to Hipparchia.
                                                      © Stav Talal
                                                       © Stav Talal                               © Shalev Weisman
 %LRORJ\

 )OLJKW  SHULRG   Late June to October sl. to 2500 m;
 July-August 1300 – 1800 m in S Amanos Mt, Hatay, S
 Turkey, where it was first discovered on 16 August 2014
 (Atahan  et al., 2018: 75). The NW Syrian specimens
 were collected in early August and photographed in late
 September.

 /LIH KLVWRU\ LQ  (XURSH  univoltine, eggs laid singly on
 dry grasses and other substrates up to 30 cm over the
 soil, white, barrel shape, wider base than  H.  fatua’s   © Wolfgang Wagner
 narrower one, slightly taper upwards, one mm tall, with   © Stav Talal                              © Stav Talal
 14-16 vertical ribs, and relatively larger than other   Migrating male in Kibbutz Mesilot, -112 m (bsl) 2 km W Beit She’an, C Jordan Valley,  Israel, 19 May 2020.
 Hipparchia’s eggs. L1 hatches after 14-15 days and eats
 most of the eggshell, light brown with longitudinal strips
 tapers backwords and starts a 4-6 weeks late summer
 diapause, commence eating young sprouts of grasses
 by late October. Until late February will overwinter in
 diapause (except on warm days), then proceeds growing
 to L4 as green typical satyrinae larva.  Attaining L5 or L6
 as 33 mm long with mid-dorsal white margined green,
 sub-dorsal and side lines are white, light brown and
 reddish-brown, six thin dark-brown lines proceed to the
 larval forehead. L1-L3 feed by day, L4 by day and night
 and L5-L6 are nocturnal. It will pupate in a subterranean
 chamber built of bonded grit, 10-20 mm beneath surface.
 The pupa is 16 mm long, reddish-brown/chestnut always
 lay bottom-up and will hatch after 3-6 weeks. Females
 start hatching ten days after the first male. Males are
 territorials perching on stones. (Granados et al., 2009:
 466-467; Jutzeler & Russell, 2021; Lafranchis  et al.,
 2015: 710-711; Pinzari, 2009; Warecki pers. comm. to
 DB).

 © Adam Warecki                                     © Ma’ayan Ashkenazi                          © Ma’ayan Ashkenazi

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