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Hipparchia (aristaeus) senthes (Fruhstorfer, 1908) Southern Grayling 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 6 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Cyan

The most common Parahipparchia in N Levant. Flies
in open cedar, juniper, oak & pine forests. Adults
frequent tree trunks, its preferred resting place and
bask on early mornings and late afternoons on rocks,
bare slopes, along tracks and open landscapes.
Southern Graylings were recorded nectaring on 6
flowers of Rubus sp., Sambucus ebulus & Thymus
sp. and sometimes mud puddling by males. Migration DGXOW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 DGXOW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12
1
1
10
2
3
1
10
1
1
HJJ
HJJ
was observed on 23rd May 1977 in the Saronic DGXOW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 lar v a lar v a
9
8
1
12
1
1
2
1
0
3
7
4
1
10
91
9
10
10
pupa
pupa
HJJ
Gulf’s island Idhra (Hydra), Greece early afternoon; lar v a
pupa
“..between 100 and 200 m altitude above sea level...
the butterflies were passing by at a steady speed
and direction (northwards) having started their flight
from much higher up...toward the island’s shores.
Unfortunately I never found out whether this mass
movement continued on over the sea and towards
the shores of the Peloponnese” (just 7 km away)
(John Coutsis pers. comm.). Local migration was also
observed by Koçak on 9 July 1988; near Kayaliyatak,
both genders were flying northwards, low over the
ground until 20:00, alighting shortly only for nectaring
(Hesselbarth et al., 1995(2): 900; Koçak, 1989)
%LRORJ\
)OLJKW SHULRG early May to October with mid-summer
aestivation 160-2100 m in Turkey (Hesselbarth et
al., 1995(2): 900); July to November 100-1800 m in
Hatay (Atahan et al., 2018: 77 & pers. comm.) and 24
September 2013 S Amanos Mt between Serinyol and
Arsuz, 1100 m Hatay (pers. obs.).

/LIH KLVWRU\ univoltine. gravid female was observed
RQ 6HSWHPEHU RQ WRS RI 1 .L]LOGDø 6
Amanos Mt) between Serinyol and Arsuz flying in
an open windblown small oak & pine wood. It laid
singly typical white Hipparchia’s eggs between 25-
30.9 (egg measurements of 0.7 mm wide and 19-24
vertical ribs were taken by Jutzeler et al., (1995) on H.
aristaeus). On 6 October motionless L1 larvae were © Dubi Benyamini f. pirata
observed on dry stems and leaves of Piptatherum sp., f. pirata
2-2.2 mm long, light brown with three mid-dorsal and 5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV Brachypodium retusum C. b. larnacana Oberthür, 1909 C. b . meridionalis Staudinger , , 18 86
g
C. b. meridionalis Staudinger, 1886
upper sub-dorsal brown strips, two lower sub-dorsal (Tshikolovets, 2011: 413), Brachypodium distachyon,
thin brown strips and in-between four lines of spots Piptatherum miliaceum & Poa infirma (Lab) and other
running along its body. The true legs and the forked Poaceae (Gramineae) spp.
tail are light brown, head pinkish-brown punctuated
dark brown tiny spots and a few hairs pointed © Dubi Benyamini © Dubi Benyamini
backwards located at the rear edge of the tails – 'LVWULEXWLRQ
illustr. After a short diapause L1 resumes feeding /LIH &LUFOH Chazara briseis meridionalis
by the end of October upon growth of small young TL: Taygetos, Greece as a new ssp. of “Eumenis (Satyrus)
grass seedlings induced by autumn rains. Larval semele”. Distributed from Sicily and S Italy (Campania &
development proceeds during the winter and early Calabria) to Albania, Macedonia, S Bulgaria, S Greece
spring in warmer periods when feeding is nocturnal. and the Peloponnese, the E Aegean Islands Chios
Like its closed subgener H. cypriensis it will attain and Lesbos, West & Central Anatolia to Tokat - Sivas
25-27 mm long and will pupate in the soil or under – Malatya reaching its SE limit in C Hatay / N Levant. © M. Gascoigne-Pees © Martin Gascoigne-Pees © Martin Gascoigne-Pees
litter four-five weeks before eclosion as early as end Unrecorded from S Russia, Syria, Cyprus, Lebanon,
of April in lower altitudes and May – June higher up. Israel, Jordan and Sinai (Hesselbarth et al., 1995(2):
Similar to cypriensis’ behaviour they will mate and fly 900, Tuzov et al., 1997: 240-242; Zarikian, 2016).
up the mountains to aestivate during the hot summer Accepted by Hesselbarth et al., (1995) as ssp. of H.
months in the shade of cooler forests (Lafranchis, aristaeus. Nominotypical H. (P.) senthes ssp. senthes
2019; Jutzeler et al., 1995; DB breeding notes). flies in N Levant (Sbordoni et al., 2018).
© Martin Gascoigne-Pees © Martin Gascoigne-Pees © Martin Gascoigne-Pees © Martin Gascoigne-Pees
96 81
2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 96 12/30/2021 4:24:43 PM 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 81 12/30/2021 4:23:49 PM