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 eggs. An egg extracted from her abdomen was white,                                                                            21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 7 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Cyan
 barrel-shaped, similar to  P. pelopea with 21 vertical
 ribs but it did not hatch. Life history should be similar
 to other Levant’s Hipparchia spp. Larvae and pupa are
 possibly similar to those of Pseudochazara pelopea –
 illustr. No courting or mating were observed either.
 &RQFOXVLRQV  mating may take place in spring or in the
 autumn because males live together with the females
 throuout the flight period, but are fewer in the autumn.   7
 We assume that eggs are laid in the autumn as with   © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini
 other Levant’s Hipparchia spp. but this is not supported
 by most of our experiments and observations. Solving
 the mystery of telophase’s breeding is transferred to
 future researchers.

 0LJUDWLRQ   P.  telephassa is the sole large Levant’s
 satyrid that is known for its migrations out of the   Ļ
 Mediterranean region to the eastern steppe and the
 Arava; Avni, Z. (1991) reported on the arrival of “worn,       © Dubi Benyamini                  © David Jutzeler
 possibly migrants? between mid-August and mid-
 September 1991 in Ma’ale Adumim, 400-500 m asl, ca                                      H. aristaeus senthes
 10 km E Jerusalem in the Irano-Turanian steppe semi-
 desert vegetational belt and again in October 1992
 (Avni, M., 1992b). On 16 May 2017 MSc student Nora
 Haack that monitored the butterflies of Nahal Shita,   © Moshe Laudon
 S Arava, 70 Km N Eilat Israel (30°24’N) collected,   Israel, Jerusalem,  15.6.2018
 photographed and released a single migrating female
 about 110 km S of its known distribution limit in Israel
 (Pe’er, 2017); this is possibly the longest-range record
 of a migrating satyrid in the east Mediterranean –
 illustr. Guy Pe’er (pers. comm. to DB) prefers to call
 it “Long Distance Dispersal (LDD). This can definitely
 be the mechanism to establish (temporary or stable)
 populations that might be otherwise isolated”. In
 Lebanon Larsen (1974: 135) observed “migration
 involving both sexes” on 20 May 1972. Osthelder &
 Pfeifer (1932a: 22) recorded a huge three-days-long
 southwards migration at Marash CS Turkey in early
 June 1929. On 27 May 2005 at Ras An-Naqab 1400 m
 (29°59’N) at its southern distributional limit in Edom
 Mt, Jordan DB observed a single (migrating?) female
 nectaring on  Onopordum ambiguum (Asteraceae)
 about 40 km S of its recorded known distribution   © Dubi Benyamini
 limit in Petra (Larsen & Nakamura, 1983; Benyamini,   S Jordan, Edom, Ras An-Naqab,  1400 m
 2005g) – illustr.
                                                                                                     © Ali Atahan
 &RPPHQVDOLVP ZLWK PLWHV: Only twice phoretic mites
 were photographed with P. telephassa in Israel, In both                               H. aristaeus senthes
 cases a single mite was lodging behind the compound
 eyes (Benyamini, 2017e- illustr.).

 5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV  Poaceae (Gramineae) spp.


 'LVWULEXWLRQ

 TL: Unknown. The species’ distribution ranges from
 E Turkey to W, S & NE? Syria, Lebanon, Israel, W &
 C Jordan, Iran and Afghanistan. Absent from Cyprus
 and Sinai. The species reaches its southern limit of
 distribution in the Edom Mt, S Jordan.


 © Nora Haack
 Israel, S Negev & Arava, Nahal Sita, 70 km N Eilat    © Mehmet Atahan                               © Ali Atahan


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