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atmosphere via the flue or it may be retained within the solid residue. Ash from unprocessed,
unsorted MSW typically contains a much higher content of potentially toxic metals such as
cadmium, lead, & mercury [6].
2.8.3 Fusing point of ash
The fusion point of MSW ash is the temperature at which the ash from waste combustion forms
“clinker” by fusion and agglomeration. Typical fusing temperatures for the information of clinker
o
o
from solid waste range from 2000 – 2200 F (1100 – 1200 C) [1].
The fusion point should, ideally, correlate with the potential for boiler fouling by the ash. The
fusion point of ash provides information on its physical behavior under high temperatures, i.e.,
softening and melting.
2.8.4 Chemical formula
Instruction to estimate chemical formula of waste mixture
Example 2-8
In 100 gr dry weight, there are 25 gr ash, 34 gr carbon (C), 36 gr oxy (O), 4 gr hydro (H), and
1gr nitrogen (N). Estimate the chemical formual of sample.
Answer
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