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Instead, glycosylation depends on the expression system—
the cell line used to manufacture the biologic—and the
environment in which that cell is grown.

A CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cell will add different
sugars than a human cell. A yeast cell adds different ones
still. And plants? They add completely foreign glycans—
structures like β(1,2)-xylose and α(1,3)-fucose—that don’t
appear anywhere in the human glycome.

Glycan Plant Human Regulatory
Feature Type Equivalent? Concern

Immunogenic
β(1,2)-xylose Present No
in humans

No
α(1,3)-fucose Present (humans use Immunogenic
α(1,6)-fucose)

Acceptable,
High- Present Shared but may affect
mannose
clearance

Absent
Sialic acid (in most Missing Reduces serum
half-life
plants)

May alter

Paucimannose Common receptor
Uncommon
binding

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