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THE LAYERS OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE 1 y the early 1930s, explorers had

Btraveled to every corner of the earth
and mapped nearly all its land surface. Some
Outer space said there was nowhere new to go. However,
many remote places remained that had not
yet been visited. Who knew, for example,
what lay in the stratosphere, that vast blue
THERMOSPHERE canopy above the clouds? Or what lurked in
Scorchingly hot: 12
times boiling point, the depths of the deepest, darkest oceans?
32 times human
body temperature Were there monsters there?
2 Manned balloon flights had already
Around
50 miles up risen to the lower reaches of the
stratosphere, and recently invented
MESOPAUSE submarines had dived 900 feet or more
Temperatures here
can fall to –150°F below the surface of the sea. But such
journeys were extremely dangerous. The air
is so thin in the stratosphere that there is

not enough oxygen for breathing, and
MESOSPHERE
Temperatures as low human bodies collapse. Equally terrible, in
as the lowest ever
recorded on Earth deep seas, water may weigh a crushing 8
Around tons per square inch, enough to squash an
30 miles up ordinary submarine like an empty soda can.
STRATOPAUSE
Temperatures can 3 One family faced these dangers—
rise to 32°F and triumphed. Auguste Piccard and his

son, Jacques, were among the bravest
explorers of all time. Unlike adventurers of
STRATOSPHERE
Not enough air for the past, they were not steely soldiers or
breathing and
temperatures as Around hardy mariners; rather, they were scientists.
cold as at the poles
10 miles up
vast Something vast is very large.
TROPOPAUSE
Completely dry mariners Mariners are people who navigate ships,
such as sailors.
TROPOSPHERE
Wet and oxygen-rich
The earth’s surface

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