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Orchard of Delights # Glossary

#
Shema – considered by many to be Judaism’s fundamental declaration Pesach – “Passover”; a seven-day holiday in the month of Nisan
of faith: “Hear [understand] O Israel, God our God, God is One” celebrating Israel’s redemption and exodus from Egypt.
(Deuteronomy 6:4). Pesach is associated with eating matzot, the unleavened bread

Shemot Rabbah – the classical rabbinic Midrash on the book of prepared by the Jewish people when leaving Egypt.
Exodus. Peshat – the straightforward or literal meaning of the text.
Shvat – the eleventh month of the Jewish year; the fifteenth day of Rabbi Akiba – one of the most famous and influential of the Sages.
Shvat is referred to as Tu B’shvat, the New Year of the Trees. He was an important link in the transmission of both the Oral

Sifra – “the book;” a Midrash on the book of Leviticus. Torah and the mystical tradition. He died a martyr’s death (135
CE) at the hands of the Romans after the failed Bar Kochba
Sifrei – “the books;” a Midrash on the books of Numbers and rebellion.
Deuteronomy.
Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson – the dynamic seventh leader
Slonimer Rebbe – Rabbi Sholom Noach Berezovsky; until his of the Chabad movement; during his over forty year reign he
death in 2000 he was the leader of the Slonim Chassidic established over 1,000 Jewish institutions in virtually every
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community in Jerusalem; author of Netivot Shalom, a very corner of the globe and wrote prolifically; he was also known
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popular commentary on the five books of Moses and the simply as the Lubavitcher Rebbe.
holidays. It contains a separate section dealing with character
development. Rabbi Natan – Rabbi Natan Sternhartz of Nemerov, Ukraine (1780-
1844) was Rebbe Nachman of Breslov’s foremost student. He
Sod – the mystical or secret meaning, revealed by the Kabbalistic was responsible for compiling, editing, and printing Rebbe
tradition. Nachman’s teachings and was a prolific writer in his own
Sukkot – a seven-day holiday in the month of Tishrei during which right.
Jews live in temporary booths to commemorate their living Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745-1812) – was the founder of
conditions in the desert following the exodus from Egypt; also the Chabad Chassidic movement and author of the Tanya
referred to as the Holiday of the Ingathering (of agricultural and Shulchan Aruch Harav. He was a student of the Maggid
produce). This holiday follows the Days of Awe – Rosh of Mezerich. Due to his attempts to mediate between the new
Hashanah and Yom Kippur – and especially emphasizes joy. Chassidic movement and other Jewish groups he was arrested

Talmud – literally means “learning”; it is comprised of the Mishnah by the Russian authorities. He was released and continued
(see above in the glossary) and the Gemara, a record of the to teach and write until his death when fleeing Napoleon’s
Sages’ extensive discussions as they clarified the Mishnah. advancing army.
Along with the better known Babylonian Talmud codified in Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach (1925-1994) – legendary teacher, story
the 6 century, there is also the Jerusalem Talmud completed teller, prayer leader and composer of hundreds of famous
th
in the 3 century. songs sung throughout the Jewish world. Often referred to as
rd
Tanach – the Hebrew term for the twenty-four books of the Hebrew the “father of modern Jewish music,” he was instrumental in
Bible, comprising the Pentateuch, the Prophets, and the bringing Torah Judaism to Jews around the globe, especially
Writings. The term is an acronym for Torah (the five books those estranged from their Jewish roots; he is also popularly
known as Reb Shlomo.

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