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10. The words of no other American president have had an impact as profound as those Text II (Questions 18-22)
of Abraham Lincoln.
(1) In the past few years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of
(1) Lincoln's words have made a profound impression on other presidents. political protests worldwide. People have always protested, and many countries have
(2) Lincoln's words have been more influential than the words of any other president. laws that grant citizens the right to do so, but there are several countries in which
(3) It was much more difficult to influence Lincoln than it was to influence any other protesting is illegal, not to mention dangerous. The increase in violence, both by
president. (5) protesters and governments, has led people to look at the matter carefully. Some
(4) More than any other president, Lincoln was aware of the power of words. protests have culminated in the overthrow of oppressive regimes, but often cost
countless lives in the process.

Although different protests have different causes, members, and methods, they
11. Even though Smallpox has been more or less eliminated, there have been occasional
all share certain things in common. Protests are usually started by a small group with
scattered instances of this illness.
(10) a specific political, religious, or economic agenda such as equal rights for a group
(1) A few cases of Smallpox occur from time to time despite the fact that this illness that feels oppressed, income inequality in places of great wealth, or the demand for
has practically been wiped out. religious freedom. These protest leaders are usually well-spoken, passionate, and
(2) There have been more than a few scattered cases of Smallpox in current bursts charismatic. Often they are highly educated, and know how to present their point of

of this illness. view effectively. Even though these leaders sometimes hold radical points of view,
(3) The almost complete elimination of Smallpox has hardly influenced occasional (15) they are able to attract the masses to their movement.
instances of other diseases. Impressionable youth, who are still forming their world view, are often recruited
(4) Scattered instances have more or less heightened Smallpox to the status of an to participate in protests. More energetic by nature, these young people become the

occasional illness. backbone of the protest, making signs, carrying protests into the later hours, and
recruiting their friends to join. In little time what started as a small group of
(20) ideologues can turn into an impressive mass of people.
12. A shift in cultural norms following the May 1968 protests in France permeated many
Why do protests turn violent? Often the violence is an expression of extreme
aspects of local society.
frustration and anger on the part of the protesters. Many times the violence is started
(1) The society in France struggled to shift cultural norms in the protests of May by government entities who seek to end the protest for fear of the political pressure
1968. these protests can create. Often a single incident, such as a rock being thrown at
(2) After the protests of May 1968, many social groups in France were angered by (25) police officers, or the mistreatment by police of a single protester, can spark a riot.
the changing cultural norms. When protests do become violent the results can be devastating. In 2011 thousands of
(3) Many aspects of the society in France had changed before the protests of May people have died in violent clashed between protestors and governments throughout
1968. the Middle East. This hasn't deterred people, however, and protests continue around
(4) The French society was influenced in many ways by the change in norms which the world over a variety of topics.
followed the protests of May 1968.

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