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               Sages’ intent was not to explicitly say the bad news. Bar Kappara     5
               wisely relayed the information by hinting to it.
                  I personally witnessed how, when the Rosh Yeshivah of Slabodka,
               Rav Isaac Sher zt”l, died, they hid the fact from his wife, who was
               then sick. They posted a sign on the front door of the house warning
               people to be careful when speaking to his Rebbetzin, since she was                             PROVIDING THE PATIENT
               unaware of her husband’s death. The family withheld the news from                              WITH THE RESULTS OF HIS
               her until she died, when she met with him in Gan Eden.                          84  X-RAY


                   1    SuMMaRy and Conclusion

               One should appoint a wise and discerning man to carefully weigh
               how and when to relay bad news. It seems that the Torah encourages                  1    Question PRoviding Results of X-Ray
               us to refrain from relaying bad news unless there is no other choice.
                                                                                               The custom in ambulatory medical centers in Israel is to give over
                                          
                                                                                               explanations of test results (of conventional x-rays, hearing tests, CP,
                                                                                               mammography etc.) directly to the patients together with the test
                                                                                               itself.
                         Is it Proper to Avoid Telling Bad News                                   This custom became widespread in our country several years ago,
                                                                                               in consonance with the Israeli medical system, which postulates that
                   1    Question                                                               people inquiring about their health have the right to know everything


               The Gemara in Megillah (15a) says that Daniel refused to relay to               about themselves and their condition.
               Mordechai that Esther was afraid of going to the king, because re-                 I am not convinced, personally, that this approach is correct and
               laying bad news is considered lashon hara. Should a sensitive person            for the benefit of the patient. There are differing views on this, as
               who knows how to empathize with others take upon himself to dis-                there are in many areas relating to medical service given to a client.
               close bad news, since it is an act of chessed to do so with sensitivity, or     While this is legitimate, there is an ethical dilemma here for the ra-
               should he try to avoid doing this as long as no one explicitly directs          diologist, who writes a diagnosis based on what he sees on the results
               him to do so?                                                                   of the test. His diagnosis is immediately handed over to the patient.
                                                                                               If something came up on the test, the patient becomes terrified, even
                   1    AnsweR                                                                 if, in fact, the growth or abnormality is benign. Being that he does not
                                                                                               have the medical know-how and tools to understand the test-results,
               When one has to inform a patient or his relatives bad news, there is            he is likely to seek out a friend, neighbor or family member with some
               often the possibility of pikuach nefesh. There was once a patient who           medical knowledge, who will cause him even greater ambiguity and
               was unaware of his own diagnosis. Once, after a physician examined              fear.
               him, he nonchalantly referred to the fact that “You have such and                  Add to  this  fact, that  not  every  physician  understands  the  sig-




        134              1  Medical-HalacHic Responsa of Rav ZilbeRstein                       Providing results of X-Ray  2                                   127
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