Page 113 - PPO-OPM-TC

122 ë À≈—°°“√º≈‘μ·≈–°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ (Principles of production and Operations)

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°“√º≈‘μ´÷Ë߉¡à„™â‡ªìπ™‘Èπ à«πª√–°Õ∫ ‘π§â“À√◊Õ∫√‘°“√¢—Èπ ÿ¥∑⓬ μ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ πÈ”¡—π‡§√◊ËÕß ·≈–Õÿª°√≥å
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‘π§â“ „π∑’Ëπ’È®–°≈à“«∂÷ß√–∫∫μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß ”À√—∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ßÕÿª ߧåÕ‘ √–‡∑à“π—Èπ ”À√—∫°“√
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μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß ”À√—∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ßÕÿª ߧåÕ‘ √–·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ “¡ª√–‡¿∑‰¥â·°à

9.4.1 √–∫∫μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß·∫∫μàÕ‡π◊ËÕß

√–∫∫μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ßÕ¬à“ßμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß (Continuous review system: Q system) À√◊Õ√–∫∫®ÿ¥
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—Ëß´◊ÈÕ (Reorder point system: ROP system) À√Õ √–∫∫ª√‘¡“≥°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ§ß∑’Ë (Fixed order-quantity)
‡ªìπ√–∫∫μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ߧ߇À≈◊Õ∑ÿ°§√—Èß∑’Ë¡’°“√π” ‘π§â“§ß§≈—߉ª„™âÀ√◊Õ¢“¬‰ªÕ¬à“ßμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‚¥¬
‡¡◊ËÕª√‘¡“≥ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß≈¥≈ß∂÷ß√–¥—∫∑’Ë°”Àπ¥‰«â °Á®–∑”°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ ‘π§â“‡æ‘Ë¡‡μ‘¡ º≈∑’ˉ¥â§◊Õ∑”„ÀâÕߧ尓√
÷ารเรียนการสอนเท่านั้น
∑√“∫ª√‘¡“≥ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß ≥ ªí®®ÿ∫—π¢Õß ‘π§â“·μà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ °“√μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ßÕ¬à“ßμàÕ‡π◊ËÕßÕ“®
π”√–∫∫§Õ¡æ‘«‡μÕ√å·≈–°“√™”√–‡ß‘π∑“ßÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å Õ“∑‘‡™àπ√–∫∫ Universal Product Code (UPC)

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À√Õ°“√„™ Bar code ‡™Õ¡‚¬ß°∫°“√∫π∑° π§“§ß§≈ß„π∏√°®ª√–‡¿∑ À“ß √√æ 𧓠·≈–¥ ‡§“∑ ‚μ√ å
·≈–∏ÿ√°‘®§â“ª≈’°Õ◊ËπÊ ‚¥¬√–∫∫æ‘®“√≥“ ∂“π–¢Õß ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß (Inventory position) ∂â“æ∫«à“ ‘π§â“
§ß§≈—ß≈¥≈ß¡“°æÕ√–∫∫®–∑”°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ„À¡à´÷Ëß ∂“π–¢Õß ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß –∑âÕπ∂÷ߧ«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õß
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Õߧ°“√„π°“√μÕ∫ πÕßÕª ߧ„πÕπ“§μ ‡¡Õ ∂“π– ‘π§“§ß§≈ß≈¥≈ß∂ß√–¥∫∑°”Àπ¥´ß‡√¬°«“ ®¥ ß
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àื่อการค้า
´◊ÈÕ (Reorder point) √–∫∫μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß·∫∫μàÕ‡π◊ËÕß∑”°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ ‘π§â“„πª√‘¡“≥§ß∑’ˇ∑à“°—∫ Q
Àπ૬ Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡√Õ∫‡«≈“°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ„π·μà≈–§√—Èß®–‰¡à‡∑à“°—π ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ·μà≈–§√—Èߧ«√æ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß
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ª√‘¡“≥°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ∑’˪√–À¬—¥ (Economic Order Quantity: EOQ) ¢π“¥¢ÕߧÕπ‡∑π‡πÕ√ ·≈–¢âÕ®”°—¥
Õ◊ËπÊ „π°“√®—¥´◊ÈÕ
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√–∫∫μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß·∫∫μàÕ‡π◊ËÕß¡’¢âÕ¥’ °≈à“«§◊Õ °“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ À√◊Õ®”π«π ‘π§â“∑’Ë —Ëß·μà≈–§√—Èß
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¡®”π«π‡∑“°π∑°§√ß®ß –¥«°„π°“√μ¥μÕª√– “πß“π°∫º®¥À“ ·≈– “¡“√∂≈¥§“„™®“¬„π°“√ ß´Õ‰¥ â
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ฐติมา ไชยะกุล
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„π°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“ Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡Õߧ尓√∑’Ë„™â√–∫∫μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ßÕ¬à“ßμàÕ‡π◊ËÕßÕ“®μâÕ߇ ’¬§à“„™â®à“¬
„π°“√μ√«®π—∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß∑’Ë Ÿß·μàÕ“®‰¡à “¡“√∂μ√«® Õ∫‰¥â„π°√≥’∑’Ë ‘π§â“™”√ÿ¥À√◊Õ‡ ’¬À“¬
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√–∫∫μ√«® Õ∫ π§“§ß§≈ß·∫∫μÕ‡πÕß “¡“√∂π”¡“ª√–¬°μ°∫°“√μ√«® Õ∫ π§“§ß§≈ߥ«¬ “¬μ“
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(Visual system) ´÷Ëß„ÀâÕ”π“®·°àæπ—°ß“π —Ëß´◊ÈÕ ‘π§â“‡¡◊ËÕ‡ÀÁπ«à“ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß≈¥≈ß∂÷ß√–¥—∫∑’Ë°”Àπ¥
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√–∫∫μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ߥ⫬ “¬μ“‡À¡“– ¡°—∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß∑’Ë¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“μË”·≈–¡’Õÿª ߧå§ß∑’Ë ·≈–¡’§à“
„™â®à“¬„π°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“μË” Õ“∑‘‡™à𠇧√◊ËÕß„™â„π ”π—°ß“𠇪ìπμâπ ‚¥¬°“√μ√«® Õ∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ߥ⫬
“¬μ“·∫∫μàÕ‡π◊ËÕß §◊Õ √–∫∫ Õß∂—ß (Two-bin system) ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß®–∂Ÿ°‡°Á∫‰«â„π∂—ßÀ√◊Õ¿“™π–
∫√√®ÿ Õß„∫ ‚¥¬Õߧ尓√®–π” ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß®“°∂—ß∑’ËÀπ÷Ë߉ª„™â„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„π