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∫∑∑’Ë 9 °“√®—¥°“√ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß ë119

∑’Ë¥’§«√§”π÷ß∂÷ßªí®®—¬ ”§—≠ Õߪ√–°“√ ª√–°“√·√° Õߧ尓√§«√‡°Á∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„πª√‘¡“≥∑’ˇ撬ßæÕ
”À√—∫μÕ∫ πÕߧ«“¡μâÕß°“√¢Õß≈Ÿ°§â“ ‚¥¬ àß¡Õ∫ ‘π§â“∑’Ëμ√ß°—∫§” —Ëß´◊ÈÕ„π·≈– àß¡Õ∫μ“¡ ∂“π∑’Ë
∑’Ë√–∫ÿ·≈–μ√ßμàÕ‡«≈“ ª√–°“√∑’Ë Õß °“√®—¥‡°Á∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ßπ—Èπ§«√‡ ’¬§à“„™â®à“¬„π√“§“∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡

เอกสารนี้
§à“„™â®à“¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√®—¥°“√ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—߉¥â·°à
1) §à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ (Ordering Cost) §◊Õ §à“„™â®à“¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ ‘π§â“®“°ºŸâ®—¥À“
‰¥â·°à §à“‚∑√»—æ∑å ·≈–§à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√μ‘¥μàÕª√– “πß“π ‡ªìπμâπ

2) §à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“ (Carrying / Holding Cost) §◊Õ §à“„™â®à“¬∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°°“√®—¥‡°Á∫
‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß ‰¥â·°à §à“‡™à“§≈—ß ‘π§â“ §à“‡ ’¬‚Õ°“ „π°“√„™âæ◊Èπ∑’ˇ°Á∫ ‘π§â“‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πåÕ◊Ëπ §à“πÈ”

§à“‰ø ·≈–§à“®â“ßæπ—°ß“π√—°…“§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ ‡ªìπμâπ
‘ใช้สําหรับ
3) §à“‡ ’¬‚Õ°“ À√◊Õ§à“¥Õ°‡∫’Ȭ (Interest or opportunity cost) §◊Õ §à“‡ ’¬‚Õ°“ „π‡ß‘π∑ÿπ∑’Ë
≈ß∑ÿπ‰ª„π ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß √«¡∂÷ߥհ‡∫’Ȭ´÷Ë߇ªìπμâπ∑ÿπ¢Õ߇ߑπ≈ß∑ÿπ„π ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß ‡ªìπμâπ
การเรียนการสอนเท่านั้น
4) §à“ª√–°—π¿—¬·≈–§à“ ‘π§â“‡ ’¬À“¬ (Insurance and shrinkage cost) §◊Õ §à“ª√–°—π¿—¬°√≥’
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‘π§â“‡ ’¬À“¬ ‘π§â“∂Ÿ°¢‚¡¬ À√◊Õ‰ø‰À¡â ·≈–§à“ ‘π§â“‡ ’¬À“¬‡π◊ËÕß®“° ‘π§â“‡πà“‡ ’¬ ‡°“ À√◊Õ
≈â“ ¡—¬

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9.3 ª√–‡¿∑¢Õß π§“§ß§≈ß·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√ª√∫≈¥ª√¡“≥ π§“§ß§≈ß
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‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„πÕߧ尓√∑’ËÕߧ尓√‡°Á∫‰«â √«¡∂ß «—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫ ™‘Èπ à«πª√–°Õ∫ ß“π√–À«“ß∑” À√◊Õ ‘π§â“
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”‡√Á®√Ÿª Õ“®·∫àߪ√–‡¿∑¢Õß ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ßμ“¡«—μ∂ÿª√– ߧå¢Õß°“√π” ‘π§â“§≈—߉ª„™â ‘π§â“§ß§≈—߉¥â ’Ë
หามนําไปใช้เพื่อการค้า
ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„π«ß®√ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß (Cycle inventory) ‘π§â“§ß§≈—߇æ◊ËÕ§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬
(Safety stock inventory) ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß∑’ˇ°Á∫‰«â≈à«ßÀπâ“ (Anticipate inventory) ·≈– ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß∑’Ë

Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß°“√¢π àß (Pipeline inventory) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√‡°Á∫ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„πª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë¡“°‡°‘π‰ª°àÕ„À⇰‘¥
§à“„™â®à“¬¡’¡“°‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπμàÕÕߧ尓√ „π à«ππ’È®–°≈à“«∂÷ß·π«∑“ß°“√ª√—∫≈¥ª√‘¡“≥ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„π
·μà≈–ª√–‡¿∑‚¥¬‡∑§π‘§æ◊Èπ∞“π„π°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ‡∑§π‘§À≈—° (Primary lever)
´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß≈¥≈ß ·≈–‡∑§π‘§√Õß (Secondary lever) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ·π«∑“ß°“√≈¥§à“„™â®à“¬∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ
®“°°“√„™â‡∑§π‘§À≈—° ‚¥¬∑’ˉ¡à°√–∑∫μàÕª√‘¡“≥ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß

9.3.1 ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„π«ß®√ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß
ฐติมา ไชยะกุล
‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„π«ß®√ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß (Cycle inventory) À¡“¬∂ß ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß∑’Ë·ª√º—πμ√ß°—∫¢π“¥
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°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ (Lot size: Q) ´÷Ëß¢π“¥°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ À¡“¬∂÷ß ª√‘¡“≥„π°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕμàÕ§√—Èß ´÷Ëß°“√À“¢π“¥°“√
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—Ëß´◊ÈÕ¡’À≈—°°“√¥—ßπ’È¢π“¥°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ·ª√º—πμ√ß°—∫√Õ∫‡«≈“°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ·μà≈–§√—Èß ‡™π ∂â“∫√‘…—∑ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ«—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫
∑ÿ° 5 —ª¥“À套ßπ—Èπ¢π“¥°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ‡©≈’ˬμâÕ߇∑à“°—∫Õÿª ß§å ‘π§â“„π 5 —ª¥“Àå ‡¡◊ËÕ√Õ∫‡«≈“°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ
·μà≈–§√—Èßπ“π¢÷Èπª√‘¡“≥ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„π«ß®√ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ßμâÕß¡“°¢÷Èπ‡™àπ°—π ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â√—∫ ‘π§â“∑’Ë —Ëß´◊ÈÕ¡“
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«—π·√° ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„π«ß®√ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß®–¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥À√◊Õ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ Q ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ ‘Èπ ÿ¥√Õ∫‡«≈“
°“√ —Ëß´◊ÈÕ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„π«ß®√ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß®–¡’ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥À√◊Õ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫»Ÿπ¬å ¥—ßπ—Èπª√‘¡“≥
‘π§â“§ß§≈—ß„π«ß®√ ‘π§â“§ß§≈—߇©≈’ˬ®÷ß¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫¥—ßμàÕ‰ªπ’È