Page 113 - International Space Station Benefits for Humanity, 3rd edition.

Today, there are three main 3-D bioprinting radiation studies to provide long-term crewed space
technologies: extrusion, inkjet and laser-based flights, including the moon and Mars programs.
bioprinting. These methods have common limitations 3D Bioprinting Solutions developed a novel space 3-D
such as slow speed and the inability to create 3-D bioprinter (see image below), which will enable rapid,
constructs with complex geometry. Therefore, new label-free 3-D biofabrication of 3-D tissue and organ
approaches such as acoustic or magnetic bioprinting constructs in the condition of microgravity by using
using patterned physical fields for predictable cells magnetic fields. Meanwhile, a sophisticated holistic
spreading will evolve. cuvette system for delivering living objects to the ISS,
The main idea is to use microgravity as a co-factor performing biofabrication, and transferring bioprinted
of bioprinting technology. This concept means using constructs back to Earth has been developed.
a scaffold-free, nozzle-free and label-free (i.e., without Rapid biofabrication of 3-D organ constructs of
using magnetic nanoparticles) approach called thyroid gland and cartilage using tissue spheroids
formative biofabrication, which has the edge (i.e., thyreospheres and chondrospheres) in the
over classical bottom-up additive manufacturing. conditions of natural space microgravity will be
This technology could be commonly used for space launched during space experiments. After the return

3-D model of magnetic bioprinter (Organ.Aut).
Image credit: Private Institution Laboratory for Biotechnological Research “3D Bioprinting Solutions”,
Moscow, Russia

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