Page 44 - International Space Station Benefits for Humanity, 3rd edition.

Investigation Title Valuation Summaries

Advanced Colloids Procter & Gamble’s (P&G’s) investigations onboard the ISS have led to three patent
Experiment- applications in 2017, with the potential to impact P&G’s sprayable products,
Temperature-6 including billion-dollar brands. Colloids exist all around us, and include commodities
such as air fresheners, milks, foams and hair gels. In addition to increasing our
fundamental knowledge of colloidal substances, the Advanced Colloids Experiment
(ACE) investigations may lead to longer shelf life as well as lower production and
transportation costs worldwide.

Center for the Merck Research Laboratories is performing protein crystal research onboard the ISS
Advancement of to develop a subcutaneous (SC) formulation of the immunotherapy drug Keytruda,
Science in Space which is currently administered intravenously. SC reformulations of similar drugs, such
Protein Crystal as Herceptin, provided a 44% savings in time and a 77% savings in medical staff
Growth effort. Additionally, over 90% of patients preferred the SC formulation due to reduced
pain, discomfort and side effects. If the SC reformulation is more stable at room
temperature, it will reduce costs associated with storage and transportation.
Any of these outcomes will lead to increased market share over competitors.
Hyperspectral Using ISS-generated Earth Observation data, Dr. Amin refined remote detection
Imager for the algorithms to identify harmful algal blooms (HABs) and demonstrated their
Coastal Ocean effectiveness. HABs, which the Environmental Protection Agency classifies as a
“major environmental problem” in all 50 states, negatively impact tourism and fishing
industries across the globe. A spin-off company, BioOptoSense LLC, has been
formed to market this detection capability. The BioOptoSense algorithm has already
been used by the University of Mississippi, City College of New York, and the Naval
Research Laboratory.
ICARUS The ICARUS initiative, an international scientific collaboration founded in 2002, has
developed lightweight transmitters as well as the ICARUS antennae for the ISS to
provide greater insights into the large-scale, long-term migratory patterns of animals
and insects. The low orbit of the ISS (400 kilometers [249 miles]) offers ICARUS
the ability to detect weakly transmitted signals, thus lowering the power and size
requirements for transmitters and allowing researchers to track smaller organisms
than ever before. To fund the development of small, lightweight transmitters, ICARUS
received $23.3 million from the German Aerospace Center, and $2.1 million from the
Max Planck Society. The ICARUS antennae was installed on the Russian Segment of
the ISS in August of 2018, and will track more than 15 million transmitters—a large
improvement from the current limit of 22,000. By enabling the long-term monitoring
of animal migratory behaviors, ICARUS may potentially help identify ongoing variations
in climate change, as well as provide improved natural disaster preparedness and
warning systems.

Made In Space In 2016, Made In Space announced plans to begin the commercial manufacturing of
Fiber Optics high-fidelity optical ZBLAN fibers in space. Unlike those produced on Earth, ZBLAN
fibers produced in space develop with far fewer defects, and thus their performance

may approach the theoretical limit for signal transmission efficiency. In collaboration
with Thorlabs Inc., Made In Space conducted the Optical Fiber Production in
Microgravity investigation on the ISS beginning in September 2017 in preparation
for large-scale manufacture of high-quality fiber optics in orbit.

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