Page 35 - IELTS Preparation Grammar and Vocab

Modals (2) 4

Grammar

F May / might / could + be + present participle; may / might / could + have + past
participle
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.
M
But of course, he might be lying (not 2,,at of cow Jerat-con be tyre-0 (= in the present: it's possible he's lying)
They could have got in through a window up on the fourth floor. in the past: its possible they got in)

With a future time reference we can use may I might I could + be + present participle and may! might I could
+ have + past participle to say it is possible that something will happen in the future
Nik's flight was cancelled, so he may/might/could be arriving much later than expected.
The thieves may/might/could have left the country by the time we get to the airport.

Egi May / might / could + have been + present participle
We can use may/might/could + have been + present participle to talk about situations or activities that were
possibly happening at a particular past time
Do you think he might have been expecting them?
up Would / will + have + past participle
We use would have + past participle to talk about an imaginary past situation:
People would have seen them from the street below.
To show that we think a past situation actually happened, we use will have + past participle
If they smashed a window to get in, people living nearby will certainly have heard something.

EL, Should! ought to + have + past participle
We use should I ought to + have + past participle to talk about something that didn't happen in the past,
particularly when we want to imply some regret or criticism:
He must know that he ought to have called the poke as soon as he found the door open.
We should have been contacted earlier. (passive)
We can also use should I ought to + have + past participle to talk about an expectation that something
happened, has happened, or will happen:
The forensic team should have finished examining the building by now.

Egi Must! can't / couldn't + have + past participle

So someone else must have opened the door from the inside. (active)
It must have been opened from the inside. (passive)
We can use must have + past participle to draw a conclusion about something in the past.

To draw a conclusion about a past event, saying that it was not possible, we use can't have + past participle or
couldn't have + past participle
One man alone couldn't have carried all those paintings. (not ... mustnIt-litave-earned

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