Page 50 - IELTS Preparation Grammar and Vocab

6 Determiners and quantifiers

Grammar

EP No none, not a, not any

No two pairs of running shoes are the sank_ (= nor any)
None of them like the thought of running long distances. (= not any of)

We use neither of instead of none of when we talk about two people or things:
Neither of us did any exercise.
We don't usually use not a / not any at the beginning of a clause. Instead we use no and none of
None of the runners is under 60. (not Net-any-opthe-runtrefs ...)
If it is clear from the context what is meant, we can use none without a following noun:
I've had none so far (= e.g. no injuries)
Egi Much, many, a lot of, lots of

Did you do much running last winter?
There could be many reasons for the current interest in running
I get a lot of satisfaction out of it.
You get to meet lots of interesting people.
We use much (of) (+ uncountable noun) and many (of)(+ plural noun) particularly in negative sentences
and in questions. In positive sentences we usually use a lot (of) or lots (of). However, in more formal contexts
we usually prefer much (of) and many (of).

If the meaning is clear from the context, we can use much and many without a following noun:
I didn't do much outside school at all.
We can use much of and many of to mean 'a large part of' or 'a large number of':
I used to spend much of my free time sitting around.
I was in first place for much of the race.
We use many rather than a lot of or lots of with time expressions (e.g. days, minutes, months, weeks, years) and
'number + of (e.g. thousands of dollars):
I spend many hours training.
Running clubs often have many hundreds of members.

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