Page 91 - IELTS Preparation Grammar and Vocab

Relative clauses (2) 12

Often we can use an active or passive to-infinitive clause with little difference in meaning
The only thing to do in that case is to create steam from elsewhere. or The only thing to be done ..
na Adjective phrases
Adjectives and adjective phrases can be used after nouns with a meaning similar to a relative clause. Often the
adjective is followed by a to-infinitive or preposition, or used with an adverb:
It was easy to find a photographer willing to take an assistant for no pay! (= a photographer who was willing
to take an assistant for no pay!)
It's a job difficult for even a skilled photographer (= ... a job which is difficult for even a skilled photographer.)
Glycerine's a liquid, completely colourless, that's often used to sweeten food. (= a liquid which is completely
colourless, ...)
A few adjectives (e.g. affected, available, present) can be used alone after a noun with a meaning similar to a
relative clause
We use cardboard or any other material available. or ... material which is available.
(See Unit 7,2.3 for more on the position of adjectives.)
2.4 Prepositional phrases
We can give additional information about a thing or person using a prepositional phrase. Often these have a
meaning similar to a relative clause:
The vegetables around that succulent piece of meat could be made from plastic. (= The vegetables which are
around ...)

Grammar exercises

BB Complete each pair of sentences using a verb from the box. In (a) use a relative pronoun and a form

of the verb; in (b) use a reduced relative -ing or -ed form.
belong carry injure play not see want

who want
a tickets for the cup final can expect to pay over 100 euros.

People
wanting

b People tickets for the cup final can expect to pay over 100 euros.
for centuries.
2 The Internet is bringing about a degree of cultural change
a
b The Internet is bringing about a degree of cultural change for centuries.
All the passengers
in the train crash have been released from hospital.
a
3
in the train crash have been released from hospital.
b All the passengers
Our teacher,
a huge pile of textbooks, came hurrying into the room.
4
a
b Our teacher, a huge pile of textbooks, came hurrying into the mom.
5 to the Queen has been stolen from Buckingham Palace.
a Some jewellery
b Some jewellery to the Queen has been stolen from Buckingham Palace.
6
the piano over there — is she your sister?
a The woman
b The woman the piano over there — is she your sister?
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