Page 119 - Think 4. Teacher's Book B2

Unit 11
Shoot for the stars Grammar; Pronunciation; Functions

Warmer
Write the following on the board:
SPEAKING How possible do you think these things
SPEAKING
2001, 9, 35 million, 100, 2018, 200, GRAMMAR Grammar video 29 3 are? Discuss with a partner and put them in order
12, 2033, 500. Tell students that Speculating (past, present and of probability.
future)
the numbers come from the article 1 Look back at the article on page 103 and complete • humans landing on Mars in the next ten years
about Mars from the last lesson. the sentences with the words from the list. Then • a world free of pollution
• you going on holiday abroad this year
Give students three minutes to try to complete the rule. workbook page 100
remember as much as they can about bound to | can’t be | certain to | highly likely
the numbers in pairs. Listen to some may have | might be | might not have to PRONUNCIATION
Stress on modal verbs for speculation
of their ideas and then give them 1 2018 been our best Go to page 121.
chance to get Mars for some time.
another three minutes to find the 2 We wait too long before
numbers in the article and what they it becomes a reality. FUNCTIONS
refer to. 3 A mission to Mars is Sympathising about past situations
be an international collaboration.
4 SpaceX … believe their Falcon 9 4 Match the sentences and the replies.
the answer to this. 1 Alex didn’t pass his driving test.
29 Grammar video! 5 … the long time spent in a confined space 2 So when I went to check in, I realised I’d left

beneficial to the mental
my passport at home.
Speculating (past, present 6 A journey to Mars is 3 The shop had already closed when they
health of the crew.
got there.
and future) expose crew members to extremely high levels 4 Dad crashed Mum’s car yesterday.
of radiation.
7 … radiation which is to a Oh, dear. She can’t have been happy about that.
lead to a number of illnesses. b What a shame. They must have been disappointed.
1 Look at the seven phrases and c Poor him. He must have been upset.
ask: What do these have in RULE: To speculate we often use the modal verbs d How terrible. You must have been so annoyed.
might, may, could, must and can’t.
common? (They are all used to • might, may and 8 refer to 5 Put the conversation in order.
speculate or express different • possibility. refers to a perceived impossibility. Amy I wasn’t. I didn’t even have a book with me.
9
levels of probability.) Ask • 10 refers to a perceived certainty. 1 Amy You won’t believe what happened to me
on my way home.
students to try to answer the When we refer to past events, the modals are followed Amy I didn’t get home until midnight. My mum

+ past participle.
by 11
questions from memory before When we refer to present or future events the modals was waiting up for me.

referring back to page 103 to are followed by 12 . Amy It was. And to make things worse, my phone
We can also use be + bound to / 13
was out of battery.
check. to / likely to to speculate about past, present and future Amy She was. But of course, I couldn’t phone her
events.
and let her know.
1 may have 2 might not have to • be + bound to / certain to express greater certainty Amy I missed my train and had to wait three
3 certain to 4 might be 5 can’t be than be likely to. hours for the next one.
6 bound to 7 highly likely 2 Choose the correct answers. Tom Oh, no. You had to wait for three hours?
How terrible. That must have been boring.
RULE: 8 could 9 can’t 10 must 1 They must / can’t have got lost. Otherwise they’d be Tom What? Poor you. You can’t have been happy
11 have 12 the infinitive without to here by now. about that.
13 certain 2 They might / can’t have got lost. They know the way. Tom Oh, dear. She must have been worried.
3 They might / must have got lost. Or maybe they left Tom What happened?
home late. Tom So you must have got home really late.
2 If you are short on time, set this 4 Lea is certain to / can’t know what to do. She always
exercise for homework. has good advice. 6 Think of something annoying that happened to
1 must 2 can’t 3 might 5 Bram must / is bound to be late. He always is. you recently. Make notes about what happened.
6 It is likely / certain to rain today. You might need an
4 certain to 5 is bound to 6 likely umbrella. 7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Tell each other your
SPEAKING
7 must 8 can’t 7 You must / can’t be hungry. You haven’t eaten all day. stories from Exercise 6 and sympathise.
8 You can’t / might be hungry. You’ve just eaten.
3 You could move on to 104
pronunciation prior to doing the
speaking task.
Workbook p100 4 1 c 2 d 3 b 4 a
Pronunciation 5 After feedback, ask students to practise the dialogue with a partner. Monitor
Stress on modal verbs for to make sure students sound sympathetic when giving sympathy.
speculation 7, 1, 9, 5, 11, 3, 4, 6, 10, 2, 8
Student’s Book p121
6–7 Talk about an experience of your own as an example to get students
started on this. Encourage them to refer to replies a–d in Exercise 4 and
sympathise with speculative language.
Language note Modal verbs for speculation
more Remind students that the opposite of must be when making deductions is can’t
be, not mustn’t be. Could/might/may have similar meanings when used to
Workbook speculate. Point out that may is more formal and less commonly used than could
Grammar p100, Ex.1–3 or might.
Pronunciation p121
Worksheets
Grammar Worksheets 11 Activity idea Extension
Grammar video! Speculating (past, present Students write five sentences about themselves using the modal verbs from the
and future) rule box.
T104 Shoot for the stars | Unit 11