Page 73 - BUKU JILID 2 ENGLISH FOR PROFESSIONAL NURSE FIX

Reading 2

Read another passage about infectious diseases carefully.

Treatments of Infectious Diseases
An infection occurs when microorganisms However, it is important to remember that
enter a human body and causes disease. The antibiotics are not effective in treating a viral
organisms that cause infections are very diverse infection.
and can include things like viruses, bacteria, Bacterial infections
fungi, and parasites. Bacteria can be found in all sorts of
Viral infections environments, including soil, bodies of water, and
A virus is a tiny agent that lives inside living in or on our bodies. Some can survive extreme

cells, or host cells. Viral infections that may be temperatures or even radiation exposure.
minor in normal, healthy individuals can be quite Although there are a great many bacteria in
severe for people who have a weakened immune and on our bodies, these bacteria often don’t
system. cause disease. However, sometimes
Viruses are parasitic and bacteria can enter the bodies and

require a host cell in which to cause an infection. They
carry out their life cycle. Once reproduce quickly in the body.
the virus has entered the host Many give off chemicals called
cell, it is able to use cellular toxins, which can damage
components to reproduce. tissue and cause an illness.
New viruses are released from Some examples of bacterial
the host cell, a process that will infections include: strep throat,

sometimes cause the host cell to die. bacterial urinary tract infections
Some examples of viral infections (UTIs), bacterial food poisoning (often caused by
include: influenza (the flu), common cold, E. coli, Salmonella, or Shigella), bacterial
measles, rubella, chickenpox, polio, herpes cellulitis (such as due to Staphylococcus aureus
simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (MRSA)), bacterial vaginosis, gonorrhea,

(HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), chlamydia, syphilis, Clostridium difficile (C. diff),
viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E), viral tuberculosis, whooping cough, pneumococcal
meningitis, West Nile Virus, rabies and Ebola. pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, Lyme disease,
Possible treatments cholera, botulism, tetanus and anthrax.
Most of the time the treatment of viral Possible treatments
infections centers on relieving symptoms until the Bacterial infections are most often treated
immune system clears the infection. In some with antibiotics. Antibiotics are medications that

cases, antiviral drugs may be available to help affect bacterial growth. They can either impede
treat a viral infection. Some viruses live in human bacteria from multiplying or kill them outright.
bodies once they are infected. They can lie There are different classes of antibiotics. The
dormant within bodies and may reactivate. antibiotic prescription will depend on what type

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