Page 8 - Wax Lyrical Main Catalog

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WEATHER TERMS
INTRODUCTION Air Mass Pressure Meteorologists are scientists who monitor weather conditions. • The air above cities is often warmer than the surrounding area.
PREDICTING WEATHER
WEATHER TERMS
PREDICTING WEATHER
What Is Weather?
Weather on earth starts with the sun. The sun’s heat warms our Weather These huge bodies of air form over areas of constant temperature, The atmosphere pushes down on the surface of the Earth with an They sample a wide network of weather stations and use satellite • In coastal areas, cool air usually blows inland during the day
In certain situations, this can create an artificial low pressure
Weather simply refers to the condition of the air on earth at a
taking on the temperature of the area. Air masses rise and fall
system.
given place and time – whether it is warm or cold, dry or wet,
average force of 15 lbs/in. 2 (1 kg/cm 2 ). This pressure changes
images to map out the positions of the large air masses circling
the earth. Since air masses interact in a relatively predictable
blowing or calm. The condition of air and how it acts to create
when weather conditions alter the density of the air. Temperature,
as they are heated and cooled and move from areas of high
way, meteorologists are able to predict weather patterns with
pressure to areas of low pressure.
and out to sea at night.
for instance, greatly affects the density of air since cool air weighs
weather is influenced primarily by two things – heat (the sun)
some degree of accuracy.
and moisture (water).
more than warm air. Cool air masses form high-pressure systems;
WEATHER
1. Continental Polar – cold and dry – formed over polar lands;
atmosphere and causes two things to happen: A Folding Pocket Guide The four major kinds of air masses are: warm air masses form low pressure systems. Fronts Fronts are the boundaries between large masses of air of different
Air pressure is measured by a device called a barometer. In
1. Water evaporates into the air, and to Clouds, Storms & 2. Maritime Polar – cool and moist – formed over cold oceans; general, areas with high barometric pressure will have good temperatures.
weather since this pressure keeps other weather systems at bay.
2. Air rises. Weather Patterns 3. Continental Tropical – hot and dry – formed over dry, hot Areas with low barometric pressure will have poorer weather On a weather map, cold
lands like Australia and Africa; and
As air rises, its temperature drops. As the moisture in the air cools, since they will draw in other systems that are cloudier, stormier fronts are shown as blue
it condenses into tiny suspended droplets, forming clouds. The 4. Maritime Tropical – warm and moist – formed over warm and less stable. lines with triangles Clouds blown against mountains Dry air flowing down the lee
oceans.
droplets inside the clouds become larger as more moisture is pointing in the direction tend to rise quickly and shed their side of the range can cause
evaporated into the air. Eventually, the droplets become too Dew, Frost & Fog HIGH LOW the front is moving. Warm moisture. It typically rains more on warm winter winds called
heavy to remain suspended in the air and they fall to earth as lines with half-circles
“chinooks.”
the windward side of the range.
fronts are shown as red
precipitation – rain, snow, sleet or hail. Dew and frost are caused when water vapor pointing in the direction
Over time, air collects in large masses of relatively uniform touches cooler surfaces and condenses the front is heading. WEATHER LORE
temperature and humidity, often several hundred miles in freezing, the vapor forms frost. Fog is
to form water. If the temperature is below
diameter. As these masses rise and fall and push against one Cold fronts occur when a cold air mass, which has a high “ Red sky at night, sailor’s delight.
another, they create precipitation and wind. caused by condensation of water vapor density, moves toward and pushes under a warm air mass. The
in the air near the ground. Dew, frost and High pressure systems increase the atmospheric pressure warm air is pushed upward at a sharp angle, causing moisture to Red sky in morning, sailor take warning.”
Red sunsets – caused by light passing through dense
fog usually occur at night as the ground condense rapidly. Heavy precipitation is often the result. concentrations of dust particles – are usually followed
on the earth; low pressure systems decrease it.
Water vapor rises until it releases heat absorbed during the day. Temperature by good weather. A red morning sky means the good
cools and condenses into
tiny droplets that form clouds. Humidity The heat of the atmosphere is largely influenced by the sun and weather has passed by and rain may be on the way.
the degree to which it warms the air, land and oceans. The land
Sun causes water to Humidity measures the amount of water vapor in the air. and water retain heat and continue to warm the atmosphere after “When morning fog clears quickly away,
evaporate from oceans, The amount of water the air is able to hold is determined by the sun disappears. expect a sunny day.”
lakes and rivers. its temperature, with warmer air able to hold more water. Air temperature is measured with thermometers. “A sun-shiny shower, won’t last half an hour.”
Psychrometers are used to measure humidity. Showers that happen while the sun shines are brief.
Cold fronts often cause heavy precipitation and
Precipitation are quickly followed by cooler weather. “Mackerel sky and mares’ tails make tall ships carry low
Clouds eventually return
moisture back to earth as Precipitation occurs when atmospheric sails.”
rain, sleet or snow. conditions – usually the cooling of warm Warm fronts occur when a mass of warm air moves toward and Certain clouds (see back) are often followed by high winds.
air as it rises – cause clouds to release passes over a denser mass of cold air at a moderate angle. “Christmas on the balcony means Easter in the embers.”
moisture. The moisture falls to earth as A warm Christmas means a cold Easter.
rain, sleet, snow or hail. A rain gauge is
used to measure precipitation. the sun’s heat is absorbed by air, clouds, land and water. “Squirrel’s tail fluffy, winter will be blustery.”
The heat in the atmosphere is regulated by how much of
Rain falls as water; the volume that falls If squirrels have very bushy tails in the fall, this
The Water Cycle ranges from misty drizzles to torrential Wind indicates a severe winter is on the way.
Satellite images of the earth show how air downpours that can last for weeks. Sleet falls as partially frozen, Wind is caused when air moves from an area of high pressure to
masses of varying sizes, temperatures and sticky water. Snow is water vapor that falls as thin crystals of ice. one of low pressure. The greater the difference between the “A coming storm your shooting corns presage,
pressures react to one another. The white areas, the stronger the wind. Since the equator is constantly hot Warm fronts often cause light precipitation and and aches will throb, your hollow tooth will rage.”
areas indicate places where air is rising. Hail falls as hard little pellets of ice up to the size of a baseball; it Bad weather is brought on by a drop in atmospheric pressure; this can
forms when snow pellets bounce around in large clouds and and the poles are cold, there is a general pattern to air circulation are gradually followed by cooler weather. cause blood vessels to dilate, which aggravates sensitive nerves near
become covered in layers of ice before plummeting to earth. direction. Geography irritated body parts.
on Earth. In many areas the wind usually blows from the same
systems, local weather is also greatly influenced by geography.
Wind speed is measured with an anemometer; wind direction is While fronts indicate the character of prevailing weather “Onion’s skin very thin, mild winter coming in.
Waterford Press produces reference guides that indicated by a wind vane or wind sock. Onion’s skin thick and tough, coming winter cold and rough.”
introduce novices to nature, science, travel and • Altitude – Higher elevations have cooler climates and higher
languages. Product information is featured on the Made in “No weather is ill, if the wind be still.”
website: www.waterfordpress.com Also in this series the USA HIGH LOW winds.
Text and illustrations © 2018 The lack of wind indicates the area is in a high pressure zone which
by Waterford Press Inc. All rights reserved. 978-1-58355-112-7 $7.95 U.S. • Latitude – The hottest climates are near the equator. Climates discourages the formation of bad weather.
Cover images © Shutterstock. ISBN ISBN 9781583551127 50795 Kavanagh/Leung +° O° –° cool with increased distance from the equator.
To order, call 800-434-2555. • Topography – Mountains, valleys, canyons and prairies “When halo rings the moon or sun,
For permissions, or to share comments, 9 781583 551127 > greatly influence factors including precipitation and winds. rain’s approaching on the run.”
e-mail editor@waterfordpress.com. Precipitation often starts as snow in the upper atmosphere. Halos around the sun or moon are caused by light
For information on custom-published UPC The kind of precipitation that descends to earth is largely • Water Bodies – Lakes and oceans store solar heat. The heat
products, call 800-434-2555 or evaporating from the water adds moisture to the air above it, reflecting off high altitude clouds of ice crystals;
e-mail info@waterfordpress.com. determined by the air temperature near the ground: above Wind is created when air moves from an area this is often a precursor of rain.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 XXXXXX freezing = rain; near freezing = sleet; below freezing = snow. of high pressure to an area of low pressure. influencing rainfall and winds in nearby areas.
Price Price
Title ISBN (USD) Title ISBN (USD)
1. Night Sky, The, 2nd Ed .................................. 978-1-62005-280-8...$7.95 27. Hummingbirds ............................................... 978-1-58355-791-4...$7.95
2. Animal Tracks ................................................. 978-1-58355-072-4...$7.95 28. Bird Feeders & Food ...................................... 978-1-62005-244-0...$9.95
3. Edible Wild Plants .......................................... 978-1-58355-127-1...$7.95 29. Foraging for Wild Edible Foods ....................... 978-1-62005-278-5...$7.95
4. Knots ............................................................. 978-1-58355-323-7...$7.95 30. Nests and Eggs of
5. Mushrooms .................................................... 978-1-58355-182-0...$7.95 North American Backyard Birds .................. 978-1-62005-225-9...$9.95
6. Medicinal Plants ............................................. 978-1-58355-190-5...$7.95 31. Gardening for Birds ........................................ 978-1-62005-236-5...$9.95
7. Geology ......................................................... 978-1-58355-075-5...$7.95 32. Dinosaurs ....................................................... 978-1-58355-256-8...$7.95
8. Bugs & Slugs ................................................. 978-1-58355-181-3...$7.95 33. Hummingbirds of North America .................... 978-1-62005-241-9...$9.95
9. Butterflies & Moths ......................................... 978-1-58355-129-5...$7.95 34. Southwest Desert Life .................................... 978-1-58355-124-0...$7.95
10. Trees .............................................................. 978-1-58355-178-3...$7.95 35. Right Bird, Right House .................................. 978-1-62005-227-3...$9.95
11. Wilderness Survival ........................................ 978-1-58355-094-6...$7.95 36. Bees & Other Pollinators ................................ 978-1-62005-187-0...$7.95
12. Emergency First Aid, 3rd Ed ........................... 978-1-62005-288-4...$7.95 37. Roadside Wildflowers ..................................... 978-1-58355-179-0...$7.95
13. Dangerous Animals & Plants .......................... 978-1-58355-309-1...$7.95 38. Bass & Freshwater Game Fish
14. Reptiles & Amphibians ................................... 978-1-58355-180-6...$7.95 of North America ......................................... 978-1-62005-215-0...$7.95
15. Birds of Prey .................................................. 978-1-58355-189-9...$7.95 39. Trout & Salmon of North America ................... 978-1-62005-217-4...$7.95
16. Birding 101 .................................................... 978-1-62005-229-7...$7.95 40. Pond Life, 2nd Ed .......................................... 978-1-58355-214-8...$7.95
17. Moon, The ..................................................... 978-1-62005-279-2...$7.95 41. Wilderness First Aid, Waterproof .................... 978-1-58355-718-1...$7.95
18. Basic & Primitive Navigation, Waterproof ........ 978-1-58355-712-9...$7.95 42. Volcanoes, 2nd Ed ......................................... 978-1-58355-847-8...$7.95
19. Eastern Backyard Birds .................................. 978-1-58355-074-8...$7.95 43. Improvised Trapping, Waterproof .................... 978-1-58355-710-5...$7.95
20. Weather ......................................................... 978-1-58355-112-7...$7.95 44. Feeder Birds of the Northeast ........................ 978-1-62005-222-8...$9.95
21. Backyard Birds of 45. Shelter, Fire, Water, Waterproof ...................... 978-1-58355-706-8...$7.95
Eastern/Central North America .................... 978-1-62005-242-6...$9.95 46. Backyard Birds of Western North America ..... 978-1-62005-243-3...$9.95
22. Field Dressing Game, Waterproof ................... 978-1-58355-534-7...$7.95 47. Animal Tracking, Waterproof ........................... 978-1-58355-551-4...$7.95
23. Freshwater Fishes .......................................... 978-1-58355-183-7...$7.95 48. Waterfowl, 2nd Ed .......................................... 978-1-58355-638-2...$7.95
24. Southwest Desert Plants ................................ 978-1-58355-208-7...$7.95 49. Dragonflies & Damselflies ............................... 978-1-58355-475-3...$7.95
25. Outdoor Knots, Waterproof ............................ 978-1-58355-536-1...$7.95 50. Sandhill Crane Display Dictionary, 2nd Ed ...... 978-1-58355-690-0...$7.95
26. Backyard Birds of North America ................... 978-1-58355-464-7...$7.95
8 | FALL 2018 | WATERFORD PRESS