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Trends of Emerging System Properties

Inter-connectivity and interdependence are char- of the coupling. Interconnectivity produces
acteristics that, by themselves provide no instrinsic vulnerabilities and risks that need to be analyzed
value. Value is gained by building systems with and exposed for systems managers, sponsors and
these characteristics to address stakeholder desires. public policy decision makers. These properties
In doing so, complexity, both necessary and unnec- will drive future systems design regardless of dif-
essary, emerges from the system designs because ferent markets and applications domains.

System of systems

THE ROOTS Enterprise, organizational
FOR GROWING governance (decentralized)
LEVELS OF
SYSTEMS
COMPLEXITY Network intensive

Increasing
complexity, Software intensive
cumulative
ambiguity,
“lack of
control”
Electronic, isolated
islands of software

Mechanical
and
electrical elements

12 • The Global Context Copyright 2014 International Council on Systems Engineering