Page 196 - Volume 2_CHANGES_merged_with links

Obstacles to progress

Realities

Public Debt Per capita
Purchasing (Official
Power Exchange
Parity Rate)
Country Date
Uganda $873 $261 2017
Rwanda $820 $304 2017
Mali $792 $295 2017
Burkina Faso $692 $243 2017
Malawi $669 $186 2017
Madagascar $559 $161 2017
Comoros $520 $257 2017
Niger $498 $188 2017
Liberia $437 $235 2017
Libya $431 $213 2017
Burundi $349 $148 2017
CAR $312 $178 2017
DRC $146 $88 2017
Source : CIA World Fact Book
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List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves
“Foreign-exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) are, in a strict sense, only the foreign-currency

deposits held by national central banks and monetary authorities (See List of countries by foreign-
exchange reserves (excluding gold)). However, in popular usage and in the list below, it also includes
gold reserves, special drawing rights (SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position
because this total figure, which is usually more accurately termed as official reserves or international
reserves or official international reserves, is more readily available and also arguably more
meaningful”. 226

Foreign Exchange Reserves in US $ Millions
World Millions
Rank Movement Country US$ As of Date
31 Increase Libya 71,629 September 2017
34 Decrease Algeria 62,000 February 2020
40 South Africa 53,003 April 2020
50 Increase Nigeria 36,563 June 2020
51 Decrease Egypt 36,254 April 2020
59 Morocco 24,644 February 2020
66 Increase Angola 17,012 June 2019
74 Kenya 12,766 January 2020
83 Ghana 7,555 December 2017
87 Botswana 7,476 December 2017
88 Mauritius 7,217 September 2019
94 Tunisia 5,540 October 2019