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Obstacles to progress

Realities

management, and shareholders. However, unlike publicly traded companies, the government is

the company's only shareholder, and the shares in the company are not publicly traded.
***
The main goal of corporatization is to allow the government to retain ownership of the
company while allowing the company to run as efficiently as its private counterparts.

Government departments are often inefficient due to internal bureaucratic conventions.
Additionally, the government may consider that joining the private sector might improve a
company's performance. If this is the case, the government might conduct an offering on the

stock market to divest the organization.
***
Governments around the world show a trend of taking back control of services contracted out
to the private sector, and this trend in corporatization has become a popular form of modern

government enterprise ownership. Corporatized agencies are fully owned and operated by the
state but have separate legal and financial status. Water and electricity utilities are common

examples of this type of corporatization, but the practice extends to a much wider range of
goods and services, from airports to universities and hospitals.”

"Corporatization." 272
Investopedia.
Kenton, Will

*****
“ In 2019, private investment commitments in energy; transport; information and

communications technology (ICT) backbone; water and the newly included municipal solid
waste (MSW) infrastructure in low- and middle-income countries totalled US$96.7 billion
across 409 projects in 62 countries. This represents a slight decline of three percent compared

to 2018 levels.
***
Transport continued to dominate as the largest PPI sector in 2019, continuing the trend from
2018 and accounting for half of global investment commitments.

Energy and water sector investments increased by 22 and five percent from last year
respectively. Municipal solid waste was included as a sector for the first time and accounted

for two percent of investment commitments in infrastructure for the year. “
“Private participation infrastructure annual report 2019” 273
World Bank

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UK PRIVATE FINANCE Initiative
“ The private finance initiative (PFI) was a United Kingdom government procurement policy
aimed at creating "public–private partnerships" (PPPs) where private firms are contracted to

complete and manage public projects. Initially launched in 1992 by Prime Minister John Major,