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Non-formal (additional) Aid resources

“Do not eat on your own”

Migrants from South Africa (4%), Tanzania and Mozambique (6% each) fare relatively well in
OECD countries, but migrants from Comoros (30%), Rwanda (27%) and the Democratic Republic

of the Congo (24%) face particularly high unemployment rates.
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Many migrants are highly educated
On average in the OECD area, 30% of immigrants holding a university degree were working in

intermediate or low-skilled jobs compared with 21% of those native-born. The figure increased
by more than 4 percentage points for the foreign-born between 2000 and 2005/06 and the gap

with those native-born widened.
***
Almost half of the Asian migrants are highly educated, as are about 36% of those originating
from Sub-Saharan Africa

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For about 15 rather diverse countries (e.g. Ecuador, Malawi, Afghanistan and Bulgaria), the

number of highly educated emigrants even doubled between 2000 and 2005/06
***
The emigration rates for doctors are particularly high for Caribbean countries and a number of
African countries, such as Mozambique, Angola, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Liberia, where

more than half of the doctors worked in the OECD area in 2000. In some of these countries, the
high emigration rate is combined with a small number of doctors in the home country, creating

an alarming situation for the domestic health sector
The Brain Drain
Although educational attainment levels increased in most origin countries, the emigration rates

of the highly educated also increased.
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The largest increases in emigration rates of the highly educated are observed in Congo,

Zimbabwe and Malawi, with all about 20 percentage points more in 2005/06 than in 2000
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Highly educated women have higher emigration rates than men
In about two-thirds of origin countries, the emigration rate of highly educated women is higher

than the emigration rate of highly educated men. Gender differences are largest in Sub-Saharan
African countries, such as Malawi, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe. Emigration of highly educated
women is more pronounced in low-income countries, and increased further from 2000 to

2005/06 than the emigration of highly educated men. The reason may be that gender
inequalities in poor countries tend to be larger, leading to greater incentives to migrate for

better opportunities abroad and higher possible returns from emigration for women than for
men.