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Some Key Terms
Changes!
Income inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient rose significantly in the transition
economies between 1987 and 1988 and the mid-1990s. Poverty re-emerged with
between 20 and 50 percent of people living below the national poverty line in the
transition economies. The UN Development Programme calculated that overall poverty in
Eastern Europe and the CIS increased from 4 percent of the population in 1988 to 32
percent by 1994, or from 14 million people to 119 million.
***
Unemployment and rates of economic inactivity were still high in the late 1990s
according to survey data
"Transition Economy."
Wikipedia
Ubuntu 78
Ubuntu is a Nguni Bantu term meaning "humanity." It is often translated as "I am because
we are," or "humanity towards others," or in Xhosa, "umntu ngumntu ngabantu" but is
often used in a more philosophical sense to mean "the belief in a universal bond of
sharing that connects all humanity.
"Ubuntu Philosophy."
Wikipedia
Welfare Capitalism 79
Welfare capitalism is capitalism that includes social welfare policies.
Welfare capitalism is also the practice of businesses providing welfare services to their
employees
"Welfare Capitalism."
Wikipedia
Westernisation 80
Westernization (US) or Westernisation (UK), also Europeanization/Europeanisation or
occidentalization/occidentalisation (from the Occident), is a process whereby societies
come under or adopt Western culture in areas such as industry, technology, politics,
economics, lifestyle, law, norms, mores, customs, traditions, values, mentality,
perceptions, diet, clothing, language, alphabet, religion, and philosophy. During
colonialism it often involved spread of Christianity.
"Westernization."
Wikipedia
