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            not added to, the USA ‘fear’ of communism taking root anywhere . And anywhere included

            Africa.

                  African communitarianism is not communism. But communitarianism isn’t the

            commodification that so symbolises corporate USA. And in this modern world corporate

            USA so dominates the USA and its interaction with the wider world.

                  Why does this matter? Well, when independent African governments turned to

            Moscow and its allies in the decades following independence, they were not running
            towards communism. In many ways, they were running away from what they saw as a

            domineering and restrictive USA. If anything, they were running towards someone

            seemingly more co-operative.

                  (It’s only fair to say that communist Moscow and its satellites can reasonably be described as running
                  towards Africa. In their superpower contest with the USA, they were only too willing to provide the
                  economic ‘trinkets’ that could tie African governments to them).


            I am not sure Americans understand this negative reaction towards their country. (It might
            be slightly more accurate to say “their government £rather than “their country”.) Americans see

            themselves as ‘helping’ Africa. Africans can see things differently.

                  You can see something like this in China’s Outward Direct Investment (ODI) in Africa.
            The USA, the UK and others have reacted, and perhaps over-reacted about this. m’zungu

            donor nations are entirely right to worry about the ‘debt’ aspect of China’s ODI. But what

            they don’t seem to get is that African governments are not running towards China. They
            are running away from the restrictions that m’zungu nations and their institutions (BWI)

            impose on Africa.

                  In my 5 years living in Africa, before writing this trilogy, I never met a single African

            who spoke well of China, who welcomed China as an investor in Africa. No matter the

            country I was in, no matter the type of African I talked to, each and all saw China as ‘out for
            its own interest’, only investing in projects that China saw as being valuable to China’s self-

            interest.

                  This does have some importance for the next few decades of African development.

            Americans should ask themselves why Africa turns away from the USA. And why they run
            towards another ‘power’.
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