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Commentary

few exceptions in northern and southern Africa, virtually all African countries have a median age
below 25, and for many, it is below 20. Indeed, the median age for Africa as a whole is just 19.4
years. Most African countries are thus decades away from reaching the age structures favorable
to sustaining democratic rule.

"Africa 2050: Demographic Truth and Consequences." Hoover Institution.
(Author : Political instability has a significant negative impact on development)
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It’s estimated that the informal economy is
more than 40% in 25 African countries (of which 8 are LLDC)
between 20% and 40% in 11 countries (of which 3 are LLDC)

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informal employment is the standard condition among most youth in Sub-Saharan Africa
where at least eight in ten young workers in all eight school-to work transition survey

(SWTS) countries fall into the category of informal employment
"Five Facts about Informal Economy in Africa."
International Labour Organisation
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The Informal Economy & Informal Housing
All 10 of the world's fastest-growing cities are in Africa and Africa's urban population is projected
to double by 2030–2035. By then, 50% of all Africans are likely to live in urban areas, mainly in
informal settlements.
"Heart of Africa's Organised Crime," Eric Scheye

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The informal sector supplies well over the majority of demand [for housing] in Nigeria (80
percent), Ghana(90 percent), urban Ethiopia(65 percent), urban Senegal (80 percent), Zambia (80
percent) and Cameroon (97 percent).'60 In Dar es Salaam, 80% live in informal settlements.
“The regulatory framework, unplanned development and urban poverty:
findings from Dar es Salaam,” Tanzania. Land Use Policy
J Kironde

(Author : Informal Housing reduces ‘governance’ as large areas fall under the ‘gang’ control)]

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Concluding statement
Africa has been developing. In some ways, this has been despite the actions of specific

m’zungu governments. The collaboration of m’zungu donor nations has played a
fundamental role in underwriting what progress has been made.

The single most failure during the last 60 years has surely been the failure to reduce
income inequality on a large scale.

Africa’s left behind will still be there in 60 years’ time if we don’t adopt the right
strategies.