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                                                      20  century  'zuŋ u 'not for profit' empires
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                                                       "Veni, Vidi, Vici ",Steti - ego adduxit amicis meis



                  But the articles on governance, which often discussed how NGOs affected more
                  nebulous issues such as empowerment or accountability, gave a measurable indicator
                  only 16% of the time.  Few of these articles included an explicit control group or


                   counterfactual, so it is impossible to know whether the outcomes could have been
                  achieved by other means, or even with no intervention at all “

                                                   "NGOs and International Development: What Have We Learned,    383
                                                    How Did We Learn It, and Where Should NGO Research Go Next?"
                            HistPhil (blog), October 17, 2018. https://histphil.org/2018/10/17/NGOs-and-international-
                  development-what-have-we-learned-how-did-we-learn-it-and-where-should-NGO-research-go-next/.
                                                          *****
                  These days, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) face increasing criticism.  This is
                  something new for the global NGO movement, whose actions, campaigns, and goals

                  have, until recently, faced little scrutiny.  How might we interpret this development? One
                  possible explanation is a growing unease with a double standard:  NGOs demand

                  accountability from corporations and governments, yet exempt themselves from similar
                  standards of accountability.

                                                           ***
                  Perhaps an editorial in the Far Eastern Economic Review put it best: The day can't be far

                  off when important sections of the public come to wonder if NGOs, who regularly
                  demand "reforms" in the name of this-or-that cause, "don't deserve reform themselves."

                                                                                     "NGO, Reform Thyself."   196
                                                                     Competitive Enterprise Institute (April 2004)

                                                          *****
                  NGOs are also criticised for their focus on technical solutions to poverty instead of the

                  underlying issues. So, for example, an NGO might provide water tanks for the poor
                  without addressing the power imbalances that resulted in some having water, while

                  others don't.

                  Another criticism is that NGOs are more accountable to their funders than those they
                  serve. Because they are largely dependent on funding, their projects are crafted in line

                  with donor preferences instead of those they supposedly represent.

                  A final criticism relates to the fact that NGO workers tend to be foreigners or local elites.
                  Instead of empowering local populations to organise themselves, NGOs provide

                  employment and a sense of purpose for elites with degrees in subjects like development
                  studies.

                                                       "The Role of NGOs in Africa: Are They a Force for Good?"    197
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