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Prelude to m’zungu colonisation of Africa


                                                                                                 "Veni, Vidi,"

                  Sudan (1899): Llewellyn Gwynne, Archibald Shaw and Dr Frank Harpur established

                  mission stations in Northern Sudan at Omdurman (1899) and Khartoum (1900). The first
                  station in Southern Sudan was established by Archibald Shaw at Malek, near Bor, South

                  Sudan (1905) “

                                                                                    "Church Mission Society."   57
                                                                                                    Wikipedia
                                                          *****

                  Religious Conversion in Colonial Africa
                  " This study examines the effect of European missionary activities in colonial Africa on

                  the subsequent evolution of culture, as measured by religious beliefs. The empirical
                  results show that descendants of ethnic groups that experienced greater missionary

                  contact are today more likely to self-identify as Christian. This correlation provides
                  evidence that foreign missionaries altered the religious beliefs of Africans, and that
                  these beliefs persist as they are passed on from parents to children. Put differently, the

                  results show that historic events can have a lasting impact on culture.

                                                           ***
                  The results show that the descendants of those exposed to European missionaries are
                  today more likely to self-identify as being Christian. This is evidence that missionaries

                  altered the religious beliefs and values of those they were in contact with, and these
                  beliefs were then transmitted from parents to children until today . “

                                                                      "Religious Conversion in Colonial Africa."    58
                                                              American Economic Review 100, no. 2 (May 1, 2010)
                                                                                                Nunn, Nathan.
                                                          *****

                  Christianity & Colonialism
                  " Christianity and colonialism are often closely associated with each other because

                  Catholicism and Protestantism were the state religions of the European colonial power]
                  and in many ways they acted as the "religious arms" of those powers. According to
                  Edward Andrews, Christian missionaries were initially portrayed as "visible saints,

                  exemplars of ideal piety in a sea of persistent savagery". However, by the time the
                  colonial era drew to a close in the last half of the twentieth century, missionaries became

                  viewed as "ideological shock troops for colonial invasion whose zealotry blinded them",
                  colonialism's "agent, scribe and moral alibi.

                  ***
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