Page 439 - PPL BEG-engelsk

Principles of flight

Principles of flight

Indholdsfortegnelse Side

5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 443

5.2 The atmosphere ..................................................................................... 443

5.2.1 Aerodynamic fundamentals ................................................................. 445

5.2.1.1 Newtons 3. Law ............................................................................... 445
5.2.1.2 Bernoulli’s Principle ......................................................................... 445

5.2.1.3 Formulas for lift and drag ................................................................ 447
5.3 Airflow around the aircraft ..................................................................... 448

5.3.1 Airflow ................................................................................................. 448

5.3.1.1 Boundary layer ................................................................................ 448
5.3.1.2 Laminar flow, transition point and turbulence flow ......................... 448

5.3.2 Drag ..................................................................................................... 450

5.3.2.1 Profile drag...................................................................................... 450
5.3.2.2 Form drag........................................................................................ 450

5.3.3 Airflow around profiles ........................................................................ 451

5.3.4 The 4 forces that affect an aircragt during flight .................................. 452

5.3.5 Airflow around wing profiles ................................................................ 453
5.3.5.1 Downwash ...................................................................................... 453

5.3.5.2 Wing shape ..................................................................................... 453

5.3.5.3 Wing profiles and lines .................................................................... 454
5.3.6 Lift ....................................................................................................... 455

5.3.6.1 Pressure distribution around profiles............................................... 456

5.3.6.2 Stagnation point .............................................................................. 457
5.3.6.3 Lift, speed, area ............................................................................... 458

5.3.6.4 The critical angle of attack ............................................................... 458

5.3.6.5 Relationship between lift and the angle of attack ............................ 459
5.3.7 Drag ..................................................................................................... 459

5.3.7.1 Profil drag ....................................................................................... 460

5.3.7.2 Induced drag and wingtip vortices ................................................... 460

5.3.7.3 Ground Effect .................................................................................. 462
5.3.7.4 Parasitic drag................................................................................... 463

Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© marts 2026 439