Page 128 - PPL - engelsk - Air Law and Human Performance

Human Performance

Human Performance

Indholdsfortegnelse Side

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 132

2.2 The atmosphere we fly in ............................................................................ 133

2.3 Human respiratory system .......................................................................... 133

2.3.1 Lungs ........................................................................................................... 134

2.3.1.1 Alveoli ................................................................................................... 134

2.3.1.2 Gas exchange in an alveoli ..................................................................... 135
2.3.2 The breathing mecanism ........................................................................... 135

2.3.2.1 Inhalation ............................................................................................. 136

2.3.2.2 Exhalation .............................................................................................. 136
2.3.3 Oxygen absorption .................................................................................... 137

2.3.3.1 Metabolism ........................................................................................... 138

2.3.3.2 Blood ...................................................................................................... 138
2.3.3.3 Hæmoglobin .......................................................................................... 139

2.3.4 Oxygen deficiency ...................................................................................... 140

2.3.4.1 Oxygen absorption at altitude............................................................... 140
2.3.4.2 Oxygen deficiency at altitude ................................................................ 141

2.3.4.3 Symptoms of oxygen deficiency ............................................................ 142

2.3.4.4 Time of useful consciousness ................................................................ 142
2.3.5 Other causes of oxygen deficiency ............................................................. 143

2.3.5.1 G-forces ................................................................................................. 143

2.3.5.2 Hyperventilation .................................................................................... 144
2.3.5.3 Problems with pressure changes ........................................................... 144

2.3.5.4 Blood donations..................................................................................... 145

2.3.5.5 Other causes of oxygen deficiency ........................................................ 145

2.4 Human physiology ....................................................................................... 146

2.4.1 The central and the peripheral nervous system ........................................ 147
2.4.1.1 The central nervous system .................................................................. 147

2.4.1.2 The peripheral nervous system ............................................................. 148

2.4.1.3 Processing information in the brain ...................................................... 148

Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 128