Page 121 - Hand rearing birds second

Ducks, Geese, and Swans 105

Exotic Species

Aviculturists, game farms, and zoos care for and breed a vast array of waterfowl species, not all of
which are native to a region or even a given continent. Because many of these birds can fly, escape
is always possible and does occur. Some species may adapt well and thrive, while others die from
starvation or exposure in an environment to which they are not suited. Exotic species compete and
often conflict with native species. If a facility admits a patient that is not native to the area, do not
release it even if it was found in the wild. Finding a captive placement for the bird with a zoo or
game farm is the best solution for the individual bird and for the future of native wildlife.

Acknowledgments

In honor of E95, a Trumpeter Swan, an early member of the State of Wisconsin Trumpeter Swan
Reintroduction Program and Raptor Education Group, Inc. patient. He changed our world and will
always have a place in our hearts. Thanks to the State and Federal programs, aviculturists, and
conservation groups that continue to contribute to habitat and species preservation, assuring a
place for our magnificent waterfowl.

Sources for Products Mentioned

Mazuri Waterfowl Starter: Mazuri, P.O. Box 66812, St. Louis, MO 63166, (800) 227‐8941, www.
mazuri.com.
Science Diet: Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Consumer Affairs, P.O. Box 148, Topeka, KS 66601‐0148,
(800) 445‐5777, www.hillspet.com.
Vermont’s Original Bag Balm, P.O. Box 145, Lyndonville, VT 05851, (844) 424‐2256, www.bagbalm.
com.

References

Altman, R.B., Clubb, S.L., Dorrestein, G.M. et al. (1997). Avian Medicine and Surgery, 944–959.
Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co.
Baicich, P.J. and Harrison, C.J.O. (2005). Nest, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds, 2e, 347.
Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Elphick, C., Dunning, J.B. Jr., and Sibley, D.A. (2001). The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behavior,
73–77. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 190–211.
Erickson, L. (2006). 101 Ways to Help Birds, 320. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books.
Gibson, M. (1996). The ABC’s of housing raptors. Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation 19 (3): 23–31.
Goodman, M., Schott, R., and Duerr, R. (2017). Waterfowl (ducks, geese, and swan). In: Topics in
Wildlife Medicine, Vol. 4: Orthopedics (eds. R.S. Duerr and G.J. Purdin), 99–119. St. Cloud, MN:
National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association.
Price, A.L. (1994). Swans of the World in History, Myth and Art, 196 pp. Tulsa, OK: Council Oak
Books.
Ritchie, B.W. (1995). Avian Viruses: Function and Control, 525 pp. Lake Worth, FL: Wingers
Publishing, Inc.