Page 62 - BSAVA Guide to Pain Management in Small Animal Practice

5 | Pharmacological treatment of pain

VetBooks.ir Transient diarrhoea or vomiting were reported in after oral administration; it is highly protein
bound and undergoes liver metabolism. Its
and 4 of dogs receiving robenacoxib and
terminal half-life is short after subcutaneous
carprofen, respectively. Serious hepatic adverse
e ects occurred in both groups in 1. of dogs; administration 1. h in dogs, 1.1 h in cats , with
however, in all cases pre-existing liver disease longer persistence in in amed tissues. In
was suspected (Reymond et al., 11 . experimental models of osteoarthritis in dogs,
E cacy and tolerability of rocoxib and robenacoxib demonstrated quicker penetration,
carprofen administered for days have been higher concentration, and longer permanence
compared demonstrating a greater in in amed oints compared with healthy ones.
improvement of lameness scores with rocoxib, Excretion is biliary 7 in cats, 6 in dogs and
with incidence of adverse e ects anorexia, renal. astrointestinal side e ects are fairly
diarrhoea, emesis, polydipsia being and common in cats (vomiting), and common in
1 for rocoxib and carprofen, respectively dogs. Robenacoxib must be taken without food
(Pollmeier et al., 6 . at least minutes before or after a meal ,
ost studies in cats investigate the e cacy otherwise oral bioavailability will be signi cantly
and safety of long-term treatment with decreased (King et al., 1 ; Schmid et al., 1 ;
meloxicam and focus the attention on particular Silber et al., 1 ; Pelligand et al., 14; Borer et
subgroups of animals: cats with ostheoarthritis al., 16 .
and chronic renal failure. he only side e ects
noticed in 4 of cats with ostheoarthritis treated Tolfenamic acid: Tolfenamic acid is a
with meloxicam . 1 . mg kg for a mean preferential C inhibitor; maximum plasma
period of .8 months was gastrointestinal upset, concentration occurs hours after
and the e cacy was udged as good or subcutaneous and intramuscular administration
excellent in 8 of cases. wo studies and 1 hour after oral administration in dogs, and
investigated the e ect of meloxicam after 1 hour in cats, as per the summary of
administration on progression of renal disease in product characteristics. It highly binds to
cats, both demonstrating that administration of a plasma proteins. Its elimination half-life is
low dose is safe in cats with stable chronic approximately 6. hours in dogs, and it is
kidney disease, and even suggesting that sub ect to signi cant enterohepatic
administration of meloxicam may slow down recirculation. Metabolites are excreted in the
progression of the renal condition, possibly urine. Maximum concentration in exudate and
because of its anti in ammatory e ect. Although transudate is achieved in 4. hours or more
this is very promising, use of meloxicam in cats (McKellar et al., 1994b .
with renal disease should be cautious and
based on a risk bene t analysis and owner Mavacoxib: avacoxib is a C selective
informed consent, as this condition is a NSAID, characterized by a very slow clearance
contraindication according to the manufacturer and large volume of distribution, resulting in a
(Lascelles et al., 1; unew et al., 8; terminal half life of 8 to 9 days in dogs,
owan et al., 11; 1 ; uillot et al., 1 . although in a small proportion of dogs it may
exceed 8 days. ral bioavailability is
Individual drugs approaching 9 if mavacoxib is administered
igure . details clinical use of NSAI s in with food. The peculiar pharmacokinetics of this
speci c conditions. drug allows for monthly dosing after an initial
administration at weeks apart; therefore, this
Robenacoxib: In cats, robenacoxib is times drug may be indicated when daily dosing is
more selective towards C than C 1; in di cult due to the dog s temperament or
dogs it is 14 times more selective. Peak owner’s compliance (Cox et al., 1 ; 11; Vilar
plasma concentration occurs 1 hour after et al., 1 ; Lees et al., 14; alton et al., 14;
subcutaneous administration and minutes Payne-Johnson et al., 1 .

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