Page 309 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice
P. 309
300 ACID-BASE DISORDERS
principles and clinical applications. 1st ed: Philadelphia: WB 56. Nehashi S, Nishino T, Ide T. Inhaled furosemide inhibits
Saunders; 1999. p. 75–92. behavioral response to airway occlusion in anesthetized
34. Jennings DB, Davidson JS. Acid-base and ventilatory adap- cats. Anesthesiology 2001;95(5):1234–7.
tation in conscious dogs during chronic hypercapnia. 57. Nishikawa T. Acute haemodynamic effects of sodium bicar-
Respir Physiol 1984;58:377–93. bonate in canine respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Br J
35. Kerber RE, Pandian NG, Hoyt R, et al. Effect of ischemia, Anaesth 1993;70:196–200.
hypertrophy, hypoxia, acidosis, and alkalosis on canine defi- 58. Nunn JF. Changes in the carbon dioxide tension. In:
brillation. Am J Physiol 1983;244:H825–H831. Nunn’s applied respiratory physiology. 5th ed Edinburgh:
36. Kontos HA, Raper AJ, Patterson JL. Analysis of vasoactivity Butterworth-Heinemann; 2000. p. 460–71.
of local pH, PCO 2 and bicarbonate on pial vessels. Stroke 59. Nunn JF. Distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfu-
1977;8:358–60. sion. In: Nunn’s applied respiratory physiology. 5th ed
37. Kubin L, Alheid GF, Zuperku EJ, et al. Central pathways of Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2000. p. 163–99.
pulmonary and lower airway vagal afferents. J Appl Physiol 60. Orchard CH, Kentish JC. Effects of changes of pH on the
2006;101(2):618–27. contractile function of cardiac muscle. Am J Physiol
38. Lemieux G, Lemieux C, Duplessis S, et al. Metabolic 1990;258:C967–C981.
characteristics of cat kidney: failure to adapt to metabolic 61. Ottanelli R, Rosi E, Romagnoli I. Do inhaled
acidosis. Am J Physiol 1990;259:R277–R281. corticosteroids affect perception of dyspnea during
39. Little RC, Smith CW. Cardiovascular response to acute bronchoconstriction in asthma? Chest 2001;120
hypocapnia due to overbreathing. Am J Physiol (3):770–7.
1964;206:1025–30. 62. Polak A, Haynie GD, Hays RM, et al. Effects of chronic
40. Low JM, Gin T, Lee TW, et al. Effect of respiratory acidosis hypercapnia on electrolyte and acid-base equilibrium.
and alkalosis on plasma catecholamine concentrations in I. Adaptation. J Clin Invest 1961;40:1223–37.
anesthetized man. Clin Sci (Lond) 1993;84:69–72. 63. Porcelli RJ. Pulmonary hemodynamics. In: Parent RA, edi-
41. Lugliani R, Whipp BJ, Seard C, et al. Effect of carotid-body tor. Treatise on pulmonary toxicology. Vol 1. Comparative
resection on ventilatory control at rest and during exercise biology of the normal lung. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press;
in man. N Engl J Med 1971;285:1105–11. 1992. p. 241–70.
42. Madias NE, Adrogue ´ HJ. Cross-talk between two organs: 64. Putnam RW, Filosa JA, Ritucci NA. Cellular mechanisms
how the kidney responds to disruption of acid-base balance involved in CO 2 and acid signaling in chemosensitive
by the lung. Nephron Physiol 2003;93:61–6. neurons. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004;287:
43. Madias NE, Cohen JJ. Respiratory acidosis. In: Cohen JJ, C1493–C1526.
Kassirer JP, editors. Acid-base. Boston: Little, Brown & 65. Ramirez J, Totapally BR, Hon E, et al. Oxygen-carrying
Co.; 1982. p. 307–48. capacity during 10 hours of hypercapnia in ventilated dogs.
44. Madias NE, Wolf CJ, Cohen JJ. Regulation of acid-base Crit Care Med 2000;28:1918–23.
equilibrium in chronic hypercapnia. Kidney Int 66. Rimmer JM, Gennari FJ. Metabolic alkalosis. J Intensive
1985;27:538–43. Care Med 1987;2:137–50.
45. Manning HL, Schwartzstein RM. Respiratory sensations in 67. Rose BD, Post TW. Respiratory acidosis. In: Rose BD,
asthma: physiological and clinical implications. J Asthma Post TW, editors. Clinical physiology of acid-base and elec-
2001;38(6):447–60. trolyte disorders. 5th ed New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001.
46. Markou NK, Myrianthefs PM, Baltopoulos GJ. Respiratory p. 647–72.
failure: an overview. Crit Care Nurs Q 2004;27:353–79. 68. Rose BD, Post TW. Respiratory alkalosis. In: Rose BD,
47. Martinu T, Menzies D, Dial S. Re-evaluation of acid-base Post TW, editors. Clinical physiology of acid-base and elec-
prediction rules in patients with chronic respiratory trolyte disorders. 5th ed New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001.
acidosis. Can Respir J 2003;10:311–5. p. 673–81.
48. Mellema MS. The neurophysiology of dyspnea. J Vet 69. Schwartz WB, Brackett NC, Cohen JJ. The response of
Emerg Crit Care 2008;18(6):561–71. extra-cellular hydrogen ion concentration to graded
degrees of chronic hypercapnia: the physiologic limits of
49. Misuri G, Lanini B, Gigliotti F, et al. Mechanism of CO 2
retention in patients with neuromuscular disease. Chest the defense of pH. J Clin Invest 1965;44:291–301.
2000;117:447–53. 70. Schwartz WB, Hays RM, Polak A, et al. Effects of chronic
50. Mitchell GS, Baker-Herman TL, McCrimmon DR, et al. hypercapnia on electrolyte and acid-base equilibrium. II.
Respiration. In: Squire LR, editor. Encyclopedia of Recovery, with special reference to the influence of chloride
Neuroscience. Oxford: Academic Press; 2009. p. 121–30. intake. J Clin Invest 1961;40:1238–49.
51. Moosavi SH, Golestanian E, Binks AP. Hypoxic and hyper- 71. Simon PM, Schwartzstein RM, Weiss JW. Distinguishable
capnic drives to breathe generate equivalent levels of air sensations of breathlessness induced in normal volunteers.
hunger in humans. J Appl Physiol 2003;94(1):141–54. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:1021–7.
52. Muir WW, Wagner AE, Buchanan C. Effects of acute 72. Smith DC, Barry JQ, Gold AJ. Respiratory alkalosis and
hyperventilation on serum potassium in the dog. Vet Surg hypokalemia in dogs exposed to simulated high altitude.
1990;19:83–7. Am J Physiol 1962;202:1041–4.
53. Murray JF. Gas exchange and oxygen transport. In: 73. Solomon IC, Edelman NH, O’Neal MH. CO 2 /H{SY}þ
Murray JF, editor. The normal lung. Philadelphia: WB {/SY} chemoreception in the cat pre-Bo ¨tzinger complex
Saunders; 1986. p. 194. in vivo. J Appl Physiol 2000;88:1996–2007.
54. Nakahata K, Kinoshita H, Hirano Y, et al. Mild hypercapnia 74. Sprung CL, Portocarrero CJ, Fernaine AV, et al. The met-
induces vasodilation via adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K abolic and respiratory alterations of heat stroke. Arch Intern
{SY}þ{/SY} channels in parenchymal microvessels of the Med 1980;140:665–9.
rat cerebral cortex. Anesthesiology 2003;99:1333–9. 75. Szlyk PC, Jennings BD. Effects of hypercapnia on
55. Nattie EE. CO 2 , brainstem chemoreceptors and breathing. variability of normal respiratory behavior in awake cats.
Prog Neurobiol 1999;59:299–331. Am J Physiol 1987;252:R538–R547.