Page 899 - The Toxicology of Fishes

The Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fish from Puget Sound, Washington 879

Puget Sound

Washington 123°W 122°W

Polnell
Point
Port Susan

Port Angeles Port Gardner

Discovery
Bay
Everett
Pilot Point

Port Madison

Eagle Elliot
Harbor Seattle Bay
Bellevue
Bremerton
Sinclair
Inlet Colvos Duwamish
Passage Waterway
Case Inlet Commencement
Bay
Hylebos
Tacoma
Shelton Waterway
Budd
Inlet Nisqually Reach
Olympia
123°W 122°W
FIGURE 22.1 Map of Puget Sound, Washington, showing locations where sediments and flatfish have been sampled in
biomonitoring studies conducted by NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the Washington State
Department of Fish and Wildlife.

characteristics that arose during their recolonization of Puget Sound after the last ice age (Rocha-Olivares
et al., 1999; Seeb, 1998; Sotka et al., 2005). Much of Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca was
covered with ice during the maximum extent of the Wisconsin glaciation approximately 15,000 years
ago, so genetic bottlenecks and drift could have occurred during recolonization of the Puget Sound fish
populations.
Since the mid-1980s, populations of wild salmon, as well as forage fish and bottomfish, have seriously
declined, either throughout Puget Sound or in selected embayments in the Puget Sound region (Barg-
mann, 1988; Palsson, 1997; Schmitt et al., 1994; West, 1997). Puget Sound Chinook and Hood Canal
chum salmon have been listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) (MacCall
and Wainright, 2003; NMFS, 2003). Several marine fish stocks have also been reviewed for ESA listing,
including Pacific hake, Pacific cod, Pacific herring, walleye pollock, and brown, quillback, and copper