Page 1084 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

1016 SECTION | XV Mycotoxins

VetBooks.ir important that livestock producers be aware of these Casteel, S.W., Turk, J.R., Cowart, R.P., Rottinghaus, G.E., 1993.
Chronic toxicity of fumonisin in weanling pigs. J. Vet. Diagn.
guidelines and have their corn periodically tested for
Invest. 5, 413 417.
mycotoxins. Research has not yet found effective ways to
decrease fumonisin concentrations in animal feedstuffs Casteel, S.W., Turk, J.R., Rottinghaus, G.E., 1994. Chronic effects of
dietary fumonisin on the heart and pulmonary vasculature of swine.
through processing or feed additives (i.e., binding agents).
Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23, 518 524.
Corn containing significant levels of fumonisin should be
Cerrillo, G.N., Rodriguez, F.S., Gordo, L.G., et al., 1996. Clinical and
discarded, diluted with corn containing lower concentra-
pathological aspects of an outbreak of equine leukoencephalomala-
tions of fumonisin, or fed to a less-sensitive species (i.e.,
cia in Spain. J. Vet. Med. A. 43, 467 472.
ruminants or poultry interested for slaughter). Christley, R.M., Begg, A.P., Hutchins, D.R., Hodgson, D.R., 1993.
Leukoencephalomalacia in horses. Aust. Vet. J. 70, 225 226.
Colvin, B.M., Cooley, A.J., Beaver, R.W., 1993. Fumonisin toxicosis in
CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE swine: clinical and pathological findings. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 5,
DIRECTIONS 232 241.
Constable, P.D., Smith, G.W., Rottinghaus, G.E., Haschek, W.M., 2000.
Fumonisins remain an active research topic however most Ingestion of fumonisin B 1 -containing culture material decreases car-
studies in the last few years have focused on the potential diac contractility and mechanical efficiency in swine. Toxicol. Appl.
effects of this mycotoxin in humans. More animal studies Pharmacol. 162, 151 160.
are needed to further define the mechanism of neurotoxic- Diaz, D.E., Hopkins, B.A., Leonard, L.M., et al., 2000. Effect of fumoni-
ity in horses. Studies also need to be done examining the sin on lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 1171.
Edrington, T.S., Kamps-Holtzapple, C.A., Harvey, R.B., et al., 1995.
long-term cardiovascular effects associated with lower
Acute hepatic and renal toxicity in lambs dosed with fumonisin-
doses of fumonisin exposure in swine and humans. High
containing culture material. J. Anim. Sci. 72, 508 515.
fumonisin concentrations seem to appear in the corn crop
Faraci, F.M., Heistad, D.D., 1990. Regulation of large cerebral arteries
from the United States every 3 4 years depending on and cerebral microvascular pressure. Circ. Res. 66, 8 17.
weather, so they will continue to be a toxin of high regu- Fazekas, B., Bajmocy, E., Glavits, R., et al., 1998. Fumonisin B 1 con-
latory concern in the future. Veterinarians and toxicolo- tamination of maize and experimental acute fumonisin toxicosis in
gists must be familiar with this mycotoxin and should be pigs. J. Vet. Med. B. 45, 171 181.
able to quickly recognize clinical signs and gross lesions Foreman, J.H., Constable, P.D., Waggoner, A.L., et al., 2004.
associated with fumonisin toxicity in animals. Neurologic abnormalities and cerebrospinal fluid changes in horses
administered fumonisin B1 intravenously. J. Vet. Int. Med. 18,
223 230.
REFERENCES Gelderblom, W.C.A., Jaskiewicz, K., Marasas, W.F.O., et al., 1988.
Fumonisins-novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity pro-
Badiali, L., Abou-Youssef, M.H., Radwan, A.I., et al., 1968. Moldy corn duced by Fusarium moniliforme. Appl. Environ. Micro. 54,
poisoning as the major cause of an encephalomalacia syndrome in 1806 1811.
Egyptian equidae. Am. J. Vet. Res. 29, 2029 2035. Gelderblom, W.C.A., Marasas, W.F.O., Vleggaar, R., et al., 1992.
Bailly, J.D., Raymond, I., Le Bars, P., et al., 1996. Fumonisins: isolation, chemical characterization and biological
Leucoencephalomalacie des equides cas rapportes au CNITV. Rev. effects. Mycopathology 117, 11 16.
Med. Vet. 147, 787 796. Giannitti, F., Diab, S.S., Pacin, A.M., et al., 2011. Equine leukoencepha-
Bane, D.P., Neumann, E.J., Hall, W.F., et al., 1992. Relationship lomalacia (ELEM) due to fumonisins B1 and B2 in Argentina. Pesq.
between fumonisin contamination of feed and mystery swine dis- Vet. Bras. 31, 407 412.
ease. Mycopathology 117, 121 124. Goel, S., Schumacher, J., Lenz, S.D., Kemppainen, B.W., 1996. Effects
Bela, F., Endre, B., 1996. Occurrence of the equine leukoencephalomala- of Fusarium moniliforme isolates on tissue and serum sphingolipid
cia (ELEM) caused by fumonisin-B 1 mycotoxin in Hungary. Magyar concentrations in horses. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 38, 265 270.
Allatorvosok Lapja 8, 484 487. Graham, R., 1935. Results of inoculating laboratory animals with equine
Bermudez, A.J., Ledoux, D.R., Rottinghaus, G.E., Bennett, G.A., 1997. brain-tissue suspensions and equine brain-tissue filtrates from spon-
The individual and combined effects of the Fusarium mycotoxins taneous cases of so-called cornstalk disease. J. Am. Vet. Med.
moniliformin and fumonisin B 1 in turkeys. Avian Dis. 41, 304 311. Assoc. 39, 778 780.
Bezuidenhout, S.C., Gelderblom, W.C.A., Gorst-Allman, C.P., et al., Graham, R., 1936. Cornstalk disease investigations: toxic encephalitis or
1988. Structure elucidation of the fumonisins, mycotoxins from non-virus encephalomyelitis of horses. Vet. Med. 31, 46 50.
Fusarium moniliforme. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.743 745. Gumprecht, L.A., Marcucci, A., Vesonder, R.F., et al., 1995. Effects of
Binkerd, K.A., Scott, D.H., Everson, R.J., et al., 1993. Fumonisin con- intravenous fumonisin B 1 in rabbits: nephrotoxicity and sphingolipid
tamination of the 1991 Indiana corn crop and its effects on horses. alterations. Nat. Toxins 3, 395 403.
J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 5, 653 655. Gumprecht, L.A., Beasley, V.R., Weigel, R.M., et al., 1998.
Butler, T., 1902. Notes on a feeding experiment to produce leucoence- Development of fumonisin-induced hepatotoxicity and pulmonary
phalitis in a horse, with positive results. Am. Vet. Rev. 26, edema in orally dosed swine: morphological and biochemical altera-
748 751. tions. Toxicol. Pathol. 26, 777 788.