Page 1171 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

Water Quality and Contaminants Chapter | 80 1103

VetBooks.ir TABLE 80.2 Water Quality Recommendations for Selected Chemicals for Livestock

a
Chemical
Upper Concentration Limit (mg/L)
Toxic Effects
US EPA NAS Canadian
Arsenic Mice @ 5 mg/L: nontoxic through three 0.2 0.2 0.025
generations, tissue accumulation (interim)
Guinea pigs @ 1 mg/L: increased thyroid
colloid
Cadmium Mice @ 5, 10 mg/L: reduced longevity at 0.050 0.05 0.08
lower dose, 2-day generation did not survive
at higher dose
Rats @ 5 mg/L: reduced longevity
Rabbits @ 0.1 mg/L: swollen kidney
epithelium @ 6 month
Dos @ 0 5 mg/L: tissue concentration
proportional to intake
Calcium 1000
Chloride
61
III
Chromium Rats, rabbits @ 500 mg/L, 25 mg Cr /L: first 1.0 1.0 0.050 (Cr ,
VI
concentration is maximum nontoxic level Cr ) (interim)
based on growth, second concentration
decreased water intake and tissue content 9X
that when Cr 31 was substituted
Copper Steers @ 12 g CuSO 4 5H 2 O/day as drench: 0.5 0.5 1.0 (cattle)
body weight decrease, fatal in 65 days
5.0 (swine,
poultry)
Turkeys @ 625 mg/L: decreased feed & water 0.5 (sheep)
intake, fatal
Fluoride Calves and cattle @ 100, 11.8 mg/L: first 2.0 2.0 2.0
concentration decreased feed intake, growth
and Ca absorption, bones decalcified; second 1.0 (if also in
feed)
concentration mottled teeth
Sheep @ 5 20 mg/L: severe mottled teeth,
decreased wool production, decreased health
Hogs @ 6 10 mg/L: severe mottling of teeth
Mice @ 10 mg/L: no innate toxicity
Hardness
Iron Cattle @ 17 mg/L: pasture irrigation water No limit
produced scouring, decreased body weight
and milk production
Lead Calves @ 100 mg/L: died after 4 months of 0.1 0.1 0.1
drinking Pb(NO 3 ) 2
Rats and mice @ 5, 25 mg/L: lower
concentration reproduction ceased in second
generation, higher concentration hypertension
and higher death rates due to infections
Mercury Humans @ 30 μg/L, 75 30 mg/L: lower 1.0 0.010 0.003
(inorganic) concentration readily absorbed into tissues,
higher concentrations fatal
(Continued )