Page 304 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

Renal Toxicity Chapter | 16 271

VetBooks.ir fan-shaped to starburst to globular crystals (Fig. 16.4) Counts, R.S., Nowak, G., Wyatt, R.D., Schnellmann, R.G., 1995.
Nephrotoxicants inhibition of renal proximal tubule cell regenera-
(Puschner et al., 2007). Crystals are also present in collect-
tion. Am. J. Physiol. 269, F274 F281.
ing ducts. The presence of these crystals in the more distal
tubules, in addition to their morphology, can help to distin- Diamond, G.L., Zalups, R.K., 1998. Understanding renal toxicity of hea-
vy metals. Toxicol. Pathol. 26, 92 103.
guish MCA from calcium oxalate crystals, which are found
Doris, J., Atieh, B.H., Gupta, R.C., 2002. Cadmium uptake in radishes
in the proximal tubules and tend to be smaller with variable
from soil contaminated with nickel-cadmium batteries: toxicity and
shapes and sizes.
safety considerations. Toxicol. Mech. Methods. 12, 265 276.
El-Sayed, Y.S., Khalil, R.H., Saad, T.T., 2009. Acute toxicity of
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CONCLUDING REMARKS AND
Chemosphere. 75, 878 882.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS Fitzgerald, K.T., 2010. Lily toxicity in the cat. Top. Compan. Anim.
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The vital role that the kidney plays in maintaining homeo-
Gonzalez, J., Puschner, B., Perez, V., et al., 2009. Nephrotoxicosis in
stasis makes renal injury due to nephrotoxic agents a seri-
Iberian piglets subsequent to exposure to melamine and derivatives
ous and potentially life-threatening problem. In many
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instances, prevention of renal injury can be achieved
Gwaltney-Brant, S.M., 2002. Heavy metals. In: second ed. Haschek, W.
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implementation of aggressive intravenous fluid therapy Pathology, vol. 1. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 701 733.
following exposure to nephrotoxicants. Once renal injury Gwaltney-Brant, S.M., 2007. Epidemiology of animal poisonings.
has developed, veterinary intervention is essential in order In: Gupta, R.C. (Ed.), Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical
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time for regeneration and repair of injured renal tissues. Harris, P.A., Zboralske, F.F., Rambo, O.N., et al., 1966. Toxicity studies
Depending on the extent of injury and degree of regenera- on tannic acid administered by enema. 2. The colonic absorption
and intraperitoneal toxicity of tannic acid on the colon and liver of
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ual renal insufficiency, or may progress to CRF.
Haschek, W.M., Voss, K.A., Beasley, V.R., 2002. Mycotoxins.
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