Page 730 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

Brominated Flame Retardants and Perfluorinated Chemicals Chapter | 52 695

VetBooks.ir TABLE 52.2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Perfluorinated Compounds

Compound
Boiling
at 20 C(Pa)
Point ( C)
Point ( C) Melting Vapor Pressure Water pK a Henry’s Law
Solubility
Constant

21
3
(mg/L) (atm m mol )
Perfluorooctane sulfonyl 154 155 221
fluoride (POSF)
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid 149 70 100
(PFOS)
Perfluorooctane sulfonate ,400 3.31 3 10 24 570 7.2 3 10 29
potassium salt (PFOS K)
N-ethyl- B110 B90 0.16
perfluorooctanesulfonamide
(N-EtFOSA)
Perfluorobutanoic acid 120 219.5 1333
(PFBA)
Perfluoropentanoic acid 127
(PFPeA)
Perfluorohexanoic acid 157 12 14
(PFHxA)
Perfluoroheptanoic acid 175 177
(PFHpA)
Perfluorooctanoic acid 189 192 55 100 3400 2.5 4.6 3 10 26
(PFOA)
Perfluorononanoic acid 71 77
(PFNA)
Perfluorodecanoic acid 218 83 85
(PFDA)
Perfluoroundecanoic acid 160 96 101
(PFUnDA)
Perfluorododecanoic acid 245 107 109
(PFDoDA)
8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 95 105 42 44 356 at 25 C 0.14 9.6 3 10 22

FTOH)
Source: Data from U.S. EPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000. Perfluorooctayl Sulfonates; Proposed Significant New Use Rule. Fed. Reg., 65
62319 62333 (U.S. EPA, 2000), Giesy, J.P., Kannan, K., 2001. Global distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate in wildlife. Environ. Sci. Tech. 35,
1339 1342, and Yamashita, N., Young, L.Y.W., Taniyasu, S., et al., 2011. Global distribution of PFOS and related chemicals. In B. Loganathan, P.K.S. Lam
(Eds.), Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

metabolism of the absorbed TBBPA by conjugation HBCD and discussed the toxicity outcomes (Koch et al.,
(Schauer et al., 2006; Kuester et al., 2007). Studies also 2015). HBCD is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract,
indicated that primary route of elimination 72 h following and major sources of human exposure are food and dust
14
C-labeled TBBPA administration was in feces intake. There are three main diastereoisomers in the com-
(94% 99%) with low levels in urine (0.2% 2%) and mercial HBCD mixture, denoted as α, β,and γ,with the
tissues (,0.1%) (Knudsen et al., 2014). A recent study γ-diastereoisomer predominating (.70%) (Heeb et al.,
that is based on the parallelogram calculation indicated 2005). High levels of HBCD in some top predators indicate
that up to 6% of the dermally applied TBBPA may be bio- the persistence and biomagnification of HBCD. However,
available to humans exposed to TBBPA (Knudsen et al., most early studies did not examine individual HBCD dia-
2015). Information on the toxicokinetics of HBCD is lim- stereoisomers but only the commercial HBCD mixture.
ited. A recent review article discussed the toxicokinetics Further studies have shown that there is a predominance of
and toxicodynamics of three diastereomers (α, β,and γ)of the most persistent stereoisomer, α-HBCD, in biota