Page 1509 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 95 Polysystemic Rickettsial Diseases 1481

OTHER RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS De Arcangeli S, et al. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in
thrombocytopenic dogs. Vet Ital. 2018;54:73.
VetBooks.ir Rickettsia felis was originally detected in a commercial cat topenia and increased prevalence of vector borne pathogens in
Foley J, et al. Association between polyarthritis and thrombocy-
flea (Ctenocephalides felis) colony and has been shown to
Californian dogs. Vet Rec. 2007;160:159.
belong in the SFG. Fever, headache, myalgia, and macular
rash in human beings have been attributed to R. felis infec- Foley JE, et al. Spatial distribution of seropositivity to the causative
agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs in California. Am J Vet
tion around the world (Angelakis et al., 2016). Rickettsia felis Res. 1599;62:2001.
has been amplified from fleas collected from dogs or cats Honsberger NA, et al. Efficacy of sarolaner in the prevention of
around the world including Australia, France, Israel, New Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum trans-
Zealand, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United mission from infected Ixodes scapularis to dogs. Vet Parasitol.
States. For example, in one study of 92 pairs of cat blood and 2016;222:67.
flea extracts from Alabama, Maryland, and Texas, 62 (67.4%) Jaderlund KH, et al. Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu
of flea extracts and none of the cat blood samples were posi- lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs with neurological
tive for R. felis DNA (Hawley et al., 2007). Recently, it has signs. Vet Rec. 2007;160:825.
been suggested that dogs may prove to be important in the MacDonald KA, et al. A prospective study of canine infective
biology of R. felis (Hii et al., 2011). Because clinical illness in endocarditis in northern California (1999-2001): emergence
of Bartonella as a prevalent etiologic agent. J Vet Intern Med.
cats or dogs has not been documented, optimal treatment is 2004;18:56.
unknown. However, on the basis of results for RMSF in dogs, McMahan CS, et al. Factors associated with Anaplasma spp. sero-
doxycycline or a fluoroquinolone would be logical choices. prevalence among dogs in the United States. Parasit Vectors.
Prevention in cats and dogs should include flea control, 2016;9:169.
which may lessen exposure to people. Moroff S, et al. Detection of antibodies against Anaplasma phagocy-
Rickettsia massiliae was amplified from R. sanguineus tophilum in dogs using an automated fluorescence based system.
ticks in an area of southern California (Beeler et al., 2011). Vet J. 2014;202:348.
A clinical syndrome thought to be RMSF had been recog- Rejmanek D, et al. Molecular characterization reveals distinct
nized in two dogs on the property. Antibodies against R. genospecies of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from diverse North
massiliae, Rickettsia rhipicephali, and R. rickettsii were American hosts. J Med Microbiol. 2012;61:204.
detected by IFA in all four dogs, but each was negative for Wardrop KJ, et al. Update on canine and feline blood donor screen-
ing for blood-borne pathogens. J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30:15.
rickettsial DNA in blood by PCR. Rhipicephalus sanguineus Yancey CB, et al. Doxycycline treatment efficacy in dogs with natu-
collected from dogs and cats in Hungary, France, Italy, rally occurring Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. J Small
Belgium (dogs only), and Germany (cats only) were found Anim Pract. 2018;59:286.
to be positive for three Rickettsia species (R. massiliae, R. Yancey CB, et al. Regional seroreactivity and vector-borne disease
raoultii, and R. rhipicephali) as well as A. platys and Hepato- co-exposures in dogs in the United States from 2004-2010: utility
zoon canis (Geurden et al., 2018). Rickettsia conorii causes of canine surveillance. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2014;14:724.
Mediterranean Spotted Fever and has been associated with Feline Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis
fever in southern Italy (Solano-Gallego, 2015). SFG Rickett- Adaszek Ł, et al. Three clinical cases of Anaplasma phagocytophi-
sia DNA was amplified from Dermacenter collected from lum infection in cats in Poland. J Feline Med Surg. 2013;15:333–
cats (Little et al., 2018). Further research is needed to deter- 337.
mine disease association amongst these other SPG organ- Billeter SA, et al. Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in
isms and dogs or cats. However, on the basis of results for domestic felines in the United States. Vet Parasitol. 2007;147:194.
RMSF in dogs, doxycycline or a fluoroquinolone would be Bjoersdorff A, et al. Feline granulocytic ehrlichiosis—a report of
logical treatment choices. Prevention in cats and dogs should a new clinical entity and characterization of the new infectious
agent. J Small Anim Pract. 1999;40:20.
include flea and tick control, which may lessen exposure to Duplan F, et al. Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., hae-
people. moplasma species and Hepatozoon spp. in ticks infesting cats: a
Neorickettsia helminthoeca (salmon poisoning) causes large-scale survey. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11(1):201.
enteric signs of disease in dogs from the Pacific Northwest. Galemore ER, Labato MA, O’Neil E. Prevalence of Anaplasma
Coxiella burnetii infection is associated with parturient phagocytophilum infection in feral cats in Massachusetts. JFMS
or aborting cats and is primarily a zoonotic disease (see Open Rep. 2018;4(1):2055116917753804.
Chapter 99). Geurden T, et al. Detection of tick-borne pathogens in ticks from
dogs and cats in different European countries. Ticks Tick Borne
Dis. 2018;pii: S1877-959X(18)30119-5.
Suggested Readings
Hegarty BC, et al. Serological and molecular analysis of feline
Canine Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis vector-borne anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis using species-
Blagburn BL, et al. Use of imidacloprid-permethrin to prevent specific peptides and PCR. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:320.
transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from naturally Hoyt K, et al. Evidence for clinical anaplasmosis and borreliosis in
infected Ixodes scapularis ticks to dogs. Vet Ther. 2004;5:212. cats in Maine. Top Companion Anim Med. 2018;33:40.
Chandrashekar R, et al. Serologic responses to peptides of Ana- Lappin MR, et al. Molecular and serologic evidence of Anaplasma
plasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs infested phagocytophilum infection in cats in North America. J Am Vet
with wild-caught Ixodes scapularis. Vet J. 2017;226:6. Med Assoc. 2004;225:893.