Page 220 - Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 12 Cancer Chemotherapy 199

6. Vistica D: Cytotoxicity as an indicator for transport mechanism: 28. Ishikawa Y, Kubota T, Otani Y, et al.: Dihydropyrimidine dehy-
evidence that murine bone marrow progenitor cells lack a high- drogenase activity and messenger rna level may be related to the
affinity leucine carrier that transports melphalan in murine 11210 antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil on human tumor xenografts in
VetBooks.ir 7. Wiley JS, Jones SP, Sawyer WH, et al.: Cytosine arabinoside influx 29. Scherf U, Ross DT, Waltham M, et al.: A gene expression database
nude mice, Clin Cancer Res 5:883–889, 1999.
leukemia cells, Blood 56:427–429, 1980.
and nucleoside transport sites in acute leukemia, J Clin Invest
69:479–489, 1982. for the molecular pharmacology of cancer, Nat Genet 24:236–244,
2000.
8. Mackey JR, Mani RS, Selner M, et al.: Functional nucleoside trans- 30. Heggie GD, Sommadossi JP, Cross DS, et al.: Clinical pharmaco-
porters are required for gemcitabine influx and manifestation of kinetics of 5-fluorouracil and its metabolites in plasma, urine, and
toxicity in cancer cell lines, Cancer Res 58:4349–4357, 1998. bile, Cancer Res 47:2203–2206, 1987.
9. Goldman ID, Lichtenstein NS, Oliverio VT: Carrier-mediated 31. Heinemann V, Xu YZ, Chubb S, et al.: Inhibition of ribonucleo-
transport of the folic acid analogue, methotrexate, in the l1210 leu- tide reduction in ccrf-cem cells by 2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine, Mol
kemia cell, J Biol Chem 243:5007–5017, 1968. Pharmacol 38:567–572, 1990.
10. Withoff S, Keith WN, Knol AJ, et al.: Selection of a subpopulation 32. Huang P, Chubb S, Hertel LW, et al.: Action of 2′,2′-difluorode-
with fewer DNA topoisomerase II alpha gene copies in a doxorubi- oxycytidine on DNA synthesis, Cancer Res 51:6110–6117, 1991.
cin-resistant cell line panel, Br J Cancer 74:502–507, 1996. 33. Heinemann V, Hertel LW, Grindey GB, et al.: Comparison of the
11. Wang H, Jiang Z, Wong YW, et al.: Decreased cp-1 (nf-y) activity cellular pharmacokinetics and toxicity of 2′,2′- difluorodeoxycytidine
results in transcriptional down-regulation of topoisomerase iialpha and 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine, Cancer Res 48:4024–4031,
in a doxorubicin-resistant variant of human multiple myeloma 1988.
rpmi 8226, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 237:217–224, 1997. 34. Bouffard DY, Laliberte J, Momparler RL: Kinetic studies on
12. Moran RG, Spears CP, Heidelberger C: Biochemical determinants 2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) with purified human
of tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil: ultrasensitive methods for deoxycytidine kinase and cytidine deaminase, Biochem Pharmacol
the determination of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridylate, 2′-deoxyuridylate, 45:1857–1861, 1993.
and thymidylate synthetase, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:1456– 35. Nakano Y, Tanno S, Koizumi K, et al.: Gemcitabine chemoresis-
1460, 1979. tance and molecular markers associated with gemcitabine trans-
13. Karran P, Bignami M: DNA damage tolerance, mismatch repair port and metabolism in human pancreatic cancer cells, Br J Cancer
and genome instability, BioEssays 16:833–839, 1994. 96:457–463, 2007.
14. Brown JM, Attardi LD: The role of apoptosis in cancer develop- 36. Long BH, Wang L, Lorico A, et al.: Mechanisms of resistance to
ment and treatment response, Nat Rev Cancer 5:231–237, 2005. etoposide and teniposide in acquired resistant human colon and
15. Igney FH, Krammer PH: Death and anti-death: tumour resistance lung carcinoma cell lines, Cancer Res 51:5275–5283, 1991.
to apoptosis, Nat Rev Cancer 2:277–288, 2002. 37. Chen GL, Yang L, Rowe TC, et al.: Nonintercalative antitumor
16. Reed JC, Kitada S, Takayama S, et al.: Regulation of chemoresis- drugs interfere with the breakage-reunion reaction of mammalian
tance by the bcl-2 oncoprotein in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and DNA topoisomerase II, J Biol Chem 259:13560–13566, 1984.
lymphocytic leukemia cell lines, Ann Oncol 5(Suppl 1):61–65, 38. Alt FW, Kellems RE, Bertino JR, et al.: Selective multiplication of
1994. dihydrofolate reductase genes in methotrexate-resistant variants of
17. Schmitt CA, Rosenthal CT, Lowe SW: Genetic analysis of chemo- cultured murine cells, J Biol Chem 253:1357–1370, 1978.
resistance in primary murine lymphomas, Nat Med 6:1029–1035, 39. Giannakakou P, Sackett DL, Kang Y-K, et al.: Paclitaxel- resistant
2000. human ovarian cancer cells have mutant β-tubulins that exhibit
18. Ambrosini G, Adida C, Altieri DC: A novel anti-apoptosis gene, impaired paclitaxel-driven polymerization, J Biol Chem 272:17118–
survivin, expressed in cancer and lymphoma, Nat Med 3:917–921, 17125, 1997.
1997. 40. Andoh T, Ishii K, Suzuki Y, et al.: Characterization of a mamma-
19. Kramer M, Hermans J, Parker J, et al.: Clinical significance of bcl2 lian mutant with a camptothecin-resistant DNA topoisomerase I,
and p53 protein expression in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma: a Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:5565–5569, 1987.
population-based study, J Clin Oncol 14:2131–2138, 1996. 41. Chaney SG, Sancar A: DNA repair: enzymatic mechanisms and rel-
20. Sohn SK, Jung JT, Kim DH, et al.: Prognostic significance of bcl- evance to drug response, J Natl Cancer Inst 88:1346–1360, 1996.
2, bax, and p53 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Am J 42. Behrens BC, Hamilton TC, Masuda H, et al.: Characterization of a
Hematol 73:101–107, 2003. cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-resistant human ovarian cancer
21. Rebhun RB, Lana SE, Ehrhart EJ, et al.: Comparative analysis of cell line and its use in evaluation of platinum analogues, Cancer Res
survivin expression in untreated and relapsed canine lymphoma, 47:414–418, 1987.
J Vet Intern Med 22:989–995, 2008. 43. Masuda H, Tanaka T, Matsuda H, et al.: Increased removal of
22. Moscow JA, Swanson CA, Cowan KH: Decreased melphalan accu- DNA-bound platinum in a human ovarian cancer cell line resistant
mulation in a human breast cancer cell line selected for resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), Cancer Res 50:1863–1866,
to melphalan, Br J Cancer 68:732–737, 1993. 1990.
23. Saikawa Y, Knight CB, Saikawa T, et al.: Decreased expression of 44. Parker RJ, Eastman A, Bostick-Bruton F, et al.: Acquired cisplatin
the human folate receptor mediates transport-defective methotrex- resistance in human ovarian cancer cells is associated with enhanced
ate resistance in KB cells, J Biol Chem 268:5293–5301, 1993. repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions and reduced drug accumulation,
24. Tew KD: Glutathione-associated enzymes in anticancer drug resis- J Clin Invest 87:772–777, 1991.
tance, Cancer Res 54:4313–4320, 1994. 45. Nojima K, Hochegger H, Saberi A, et al.: Multiple repair pathways
25. Wang AL, Tew KD: Increased glutathione-S-transferase activity in mediate tolerance to chemotherapeutic cross-linking agents in ver-
a cell line with acquired resistance to nitrogen mustards, Cancer tebrate cells, Cancer Res 65:11704–11711, 2005.
Treat Rep 69:677–682, 1985. 46. Borst P, Elferink RO: Mammalian abc transporters in health and
26. Lewis AD, Hickson ID, Robson CN, et al.: Amplification and disease, Annu Rev Biochem 71:537–592, 2002.
increased expression of alpha class glutathione S-transferase- 47. Fletcher JI, Haber M, Henderson MJ, et al.: ABC transporters in
encoding genes associated with resistance to nitrogen mustards, cancer: more than just drug efflux pumps, Nat Rev Cancer 10:147–
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:8511–8515, 1988. 156, 2010.
27. Beck A, Etienne MC, Cheradame S, et al.: A role for dihydropy- 48. Lee JJ, Hughes CS, Fine RL, et al.: P-glycoprotein expression in
rimidine dehydrogenase and thymidylate synthase in tumour sensi- canine lymphoma: a relevant, intermediate model of multidrug
tivity to fluorouracil, Eur J Cancer 30A:1517–1522, 1994. resistance, Cancer 77:1892–1898, 1996.