Page 1011 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

Hidaka T, Ogawa E, Kobayashi EH, et al: The aryl hydrocarbon
VetBooks.ir receptor AhR links atopic dermatitis and air pollution via

induction of the neurotrophic factor artemin. Nature Immunology,
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Ka D, Marignac G, Desquilbet L, et al: Association between passive smoking and atopic
dermatitis in dogs. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 66:329-333, 2014.

Allergies to Vaccines and Drugs

An IgE response may result from the administration of any antigen,
including vaccines. It is most likely to occur in vaccines that contain
trace amounts of fetal calf serum (specifically bovine serum

albumin), gelatin, or casein. Severe allergies have been associated
with the use of killed foot-and-mouth disease, rabies, and
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia vaccines in cattle. IgE
responses may also occur following administration of drugs. Most

drug molecules are too small to be antigenic, but many can bind to
host proteins and then act as haptens. Penicillin allergy, for
example, may be triggered either by therapeutic exposure or by
ingestion of penicillin-contaminated milk. In sensitized animals,

injection of penicillin may cause acute systemic anaphylaxis or
milder forms of allergy. Feeding of penicillin-contaminated milk to
these animals can lead to severe diarrhea. Allergies to many drugs,
especially antibiotics and hormones, have been reported in the

domestic animals. Even substances contained in leather
preservatives used in harnesses, in catgut sutures, or compounds
such as methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose used as
stabilizers in vaccines may provoke allergies. Given the diversity of

drugs used in animals, it is unsurprising that multiple mechanisms
may be involved. Even hypersensitivities to an individual drug
might be mediated through multiple pathways.

Allergies to Parasites

The beneficial role of the IgE–mast cell–eosinophil system in
immunity to parasitic worms was first observed in the “self-cure”
phenomenon (Chapter 28). Helminths preferentially stimulate IgE
responses, and helminth infestations are commonly associated with

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