Page 1152 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

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FIG. 35.2 The mechanisms by which inflammation can promote
tumor formation.

Cancer cells exploit signals from their microenvironment.

Stromal cells such as fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells
can all generate IL-6, a cytokine that promotes tumor growth and
angiogenesis. Inflammatory cells such as macrophages, mast cells,
and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can promote tumor growth by

remodeling tissues, stimulating angiogenesis, and suppressing
immune responses. This polarization may result from the activities
of regulatory T (Treg) cells within the tumors secreting
transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-10.

Blocking of inflammatory mediators, key transcription factors, or
inflammatory cells decreases the incidence and spread of cancer.
Conversely, adoptive transfer of inflammatory cells may promote
tumor development. As a result, more than half of the mass of a

tumor may consist of supporting cells, including fibroblasts,

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