Page 214 - Problem-Based Feline Medicine

206 PART 4 CAT WITH URINARY TRACT SIGNS

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METABOLIC

● Coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia causing hematuria (p 212)
*coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia are rare in cats; *evidence of bleeding at other sites is often-
present, although hematuria may be the only clinical sign; *coagulation testing should be per-
formed in cats with undiagnosed hematuria.
● Bilirubinuria** (p 211)
*bilirubinuria is always abnormal in cats; *it may result from prehepatic, hepatic, or post-hepatic
causes; *most common causes are hepatic disease.

● Hemoglobinuria (p 212)
*associated with hemolysis; *hemolytic anemia is uncommon in cats; *myoglobinuria; *results from
muscle breakdown; *may occur secondary to polymyopathy, but uncommon.
INFECTIOUS
● Urinary tract infection causing hematuria** (p 209)
*bacterial UTI occurs in 1–2% of cats < 10 years of age, but may occur in >45% of cats >
10 years; * E. coli is the most common organism isolated from cats with bacterial UTI; *urine
should be collected by cystocentesis to adequately assess bacterial UTI.
IDIOPATHIC
● Idiopathic lower urinary tract disease causing hematuria*** (p 208)
*Most common cause of lower urinary tract disease in cats less than 10 years. Clinical signs
include hematuria, stranguria, pollakiuria, and inappropriate urination; *urethral obstruction may
occur in male cats.
TRAUMA
● Trauma causing hematuria* (p 210)
*Trauma to any part of the urinary tract may result in hematuria; *evaluate for other signs of
trauma; *if hematuria is secondary to trauma, assess integrity of urinary tract.
● Cloudy white or white urine** (p 206)

● Crystalluria*** (p 213)
*Commonly associated with urolithiasis, matrix-crystalline urethral plug formation in males;
*struvite and calcium oxalate most common; *struvite and urate more common in kittens; *may or
may not be pathologic.
● Pyuria** (p 214)
*Signifies inflammation, which is often but not always associated with bacterial UTI; *may result
from lower or upper urinary tract diseases.

● Lipiduria (p 214)
*May be normal; * may be an indication of lipid metabolism disorders.