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186 Box B1 Elephant Training in Zoos
VetBooks.ir outlined above. Further understanding of ognise symbols that represent choices the
animal would like to make regarding its
disease progress and transmission in ele-
phants will no doubt advance in line
(Savage‐Rumbaugh et al. 2001). Even activi-
with advancements in elephant training daily routine, not unlike some great apes
(Magnuson et al. 2017). As will the ability of ties that an elephant would like to partici-
caretakers to probe deeper into the cogni- pate in, could be presented as choices he or
tive capacities of one of the world’s most she makes by communicating with a trainer.
socially complex animals, with an eye As the zoos of the world continue to focus
towards educational outreach (Carey 2018) efforts towards conservation and the appre-
and the proliferation of a conservation ori- ciation of nature, the effective training of
ented culture amongst zoo visitors. In the zoo elephants dedicated to increased animal
future, zoo elephants may be trained to rec- welfare will serve a critical role.
References
Association of Zoos and Aquariums (2018). American Zoos: environmental enrichment,
Accreditation Standards and Related feeding, exercise, and training. PLoS One 11
Policies. https://www.speakcdn.com/ (7): e0152490. https://doi.org/10.1371/
assets/2332/aza‐accreditation‐standards. journal.pone.0152490.
pdf. p. 64–68. Hockenhull, J. and Creighton, E. (2013).
Carey, J. (2018). Animal cognition research Training horses: positive reinforcement,
offers outreach opportunity. Proceedings of positive punishment, and ridden behavior
the National Academy of Sciences of the problems. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 8
United States of America 115 (18): 4522. (4): 245.
Daugette, K.F., Hoppes, S., Tizard, I., and Magnuson, R.J., Linke, L.M., Isaza, R., and
Brightsmith, D. (2012). Positive Salman, M.D. (2017). Rapid screening for
reinforcement training facilitates the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in
voluntary participation of laboratory clinical elephant trunk wash samples.
macaws with veterinary procedures. Journal Research in Veterinary Science 112: 52–58.
of Avian Medicine and Surgery 26 (4): 248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.12.008.
Fowler, M., Steffey, E., Galuppo, L., and Pasoe, Ramirez, K. Animal Training : Successful
J. (2000). Facilitation of Asian elephant Animal Management Through Positive
(Elephas maximus) standing immobilization Reinforcement, vol. 1999. Chicago, IL: Shedd
and anesthesia with a sling. Journal of Zoo Aquarium.
and Wildlife Medicine 31 (1): 118–123. Savage‐Rumbaugh, Shanker, S.G., and Taylor,
Greco, B.J., Meehan, C.L., Miller, L.J. et al. T.J. (2001). Apes, Language, and the Human
(2016). Elephant management in North Mind. Oxford University Press.