Page 222 - Zoo Animal Learning and Training
P. 222
194 Box B3 Elephant ognition: An verviee
VetBooks.ir taxa, further comparative research could pro- elephant cognition can also aid in the devel-
opment of appropriate management and con-
vide important insight on the convergent evo-
lution of physical and socio‐cognitive traits in
elephant species (Mumby and Plotnik 2018).
a variety of intelligent species. Future research servation methods for the three endangered
on elephant cognition, however, should focus Lastly, information about elephants’ advanced
on experimental designs that recognise the physical and socio‐cognitive abilities, espe-
elephants’ strength in acoustic and olfactory cially those that are similar to humans, can be
tasks so that comparisons can be made with- an important educational tool to encourage
out neglecting the differences in sensory per- the public to become more engaged in con-
spectives across species. Information about servation efforts.
References
Bates, L.A., Sayialel, K.N., Njiraini, N.W. et al. (Loxodonta africana) display remarkable
(2007). Elephants classify human ethnic olfactory acuity in human scent matching to
groups by odor and garment color. Current sample performance. Applied Animal
Biology 17 (22): 1938–1942. https://doi. Behaviour Science 200: 123–129. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.060. org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.12.004.
Bates, L.A., Sayialel, K.N., Njiraini, N.W. et al. Emery, N.J. (2006). Cognitive ornithology: the
(2008). African elephants have expectations evolution of avian intelligence. Philosophical
about the locations of out‐of‐sight family Transactions of the Royal Society, B:
members. Biology Letters 4 (1): 34–36. Biological Sciences 361 (1465): 23–43.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0529. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1736.
Byrne, R.W. (1997). The technical intelligence Foerder, P., Galloway, M., Barthel, T. et al.
hypothesis: an additional evolutionary (2011). Insightful problem solving in an
stimulus to intelligence. In: Machiavellian Asian elephant. PLoS ONE 6 (8): e23251.
Intelligence II, 2e (eds. A. Whiten and R. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
Byrne), 289–311. Cambridge University Press. pone.0023251.
Byrne, R.W. and Bates, L.A. (2011). Elephant Hart, B.L., Hart, L.A., McCoy, M., and Sarath,
cognition: what we know about what C.R. (2001). Cognitive behaviour in Asian
elephants know. In: The Amboseli Elephants: elephants: use and modification of branches
A Long‐Term Perspective on a Long‐Lived for fly switching. Animal Behaviour 62 (5):
Mammal (eds. C.J. Moss, H. Croze and P.C. 839–847. https://doi.org/10.1006/
Lee), 174–182. University of Chicago Press. anbe.2001.1815.
Byrne, R.W., Bates, L.A., and Moss, C.J. (2009). Irie, N. and Hasegawa, T. (2009). Elephant
Elephant cognition in primate perspective. psychology: what we know and what we
Comparative Cognition and Behavior would like to know: elephant cognition.
Reviews 4: 65–79. https://doi.org/10.3819/ Japanese Psychological Research 51 (3):
ccbr.2009.40009. 177–181. https://doi.
Chevalier‐Skolnikoff, S. and Liska, J. (1993). org/10.1111/j.1468‐5884.2009.00404.x.
Tool use by wild and captive elephants. Irie, N. and Hasegawa, T. (2012). Summation
Animal Behaviour 46 (2): 209–219. https:// by Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1183. Behavioral Science 2 (2): 50–56. https://doi.
Douglas‐Hamilton, I. and Douglas‐Hamilton, org/10.3390/bs2020050.
O. (1975). Among the Elephants, 285. Irie, N., Hiraiwa‐Hasegawa, M., and
London: Collins. Kutsukake, N. (2018). Unique numerical
von Dürckheim, K.E.M., Hoffman, L.C., Leslie, competence of Asian elephants on the
A. et al. (2018). African elephants relative numerosity judgment task.