Page 141 - Manual of Equine Field Surgery

Tooth Repulsion 137

over 750/o, but a large number of cases have 4. Gaughan EM: Dental surgery in horses, Vet Clin N

not been reported.21 Those deemed unsuccessful Am Equine Pract 14:381, 1998.

were subsequently treated successfully with tooth 5. Easley J: Equine tooth removal (exodontia).
I11 Baker GJ, Easley J, editors: Equine dentistry,

repulsion. Periapical curettage appears to be a London, 1999, WB Saunders.

reasonable option for resolving the periapical 6. Tremaine WH: Oral extraction of equine cheek

infection and maintaining the mandibular tooth. teeth, Equine Vet Educ 16:151, 2004.

7. Lowder MQ: Oral extraction of equine teeth, Comp

Cont Educ Pract Vet 21:1150, 1999.

COMMENTS 8. Knottenbelt DC: The systemic effects of dental

disease. In Baker GJ, Easley J, editors: Equine den-

The difficulty of and time required for dental tistry, London, 1999, WB Saunders.

repulsion vary considerably, Repulsion of the 9. Gibbs C. Dental imaging. In Baker GJ, Easley

more caudal upper teeth because of their curved J, editors: Equine dentistry, London, 1999, WB

Saunders Co.
roots and sinus involvement is technically more 10. Dixon PM: Dental anatomy, In Baker GJ, Easley

difficult and requires additional surgical time and J, editors: Equine Dentistry, London, 1999, WB

intraoperative monitoring and more postopera- Saunders.

tive care. Repulsion of teeth from older horses 11. Lowder MQ: Tooth removal, reduction, and preser-

with shorter reserve crowns is less difficult than vation. In White NA, Moore JM, editors: Current

repulsion of teeth from young horses with exten- techniques in equine surgery and lameness, Philadel-

•
srve reserve crowns. phia, 1998, WB Saunders.

Simultaneous or preoperative loosening of the 12. Boutros CP, Koenig JB: A combined frontal

affected tooth with molar spreaders and extrac- and maxillary sinus approach for repulsion of the

tion forceps is beneficial and results in a shorter third maxillary molar in a horse, Can Vet J 42:286,

2001.
and less traumatic repulsion. 13. Hahn K, Kohler L: Removal of upper cheek teeth of

Each tooth is independently and firmly the horse using bone flap technique, muscle trans-

attached to the bony structure ( alveolus) by the position and alveolar closure, Tierarztliche Praxis

periodontal ligament and gingiva. The periodon- Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere 30:50, 2002.

tal ligament consists of bundles of connective 14. Trostle SS, [uzwiak JS, Santschi EM: How to use

tissue fibers that run in various directions from antibiotic impregnated plaster of paris for alveolar

the bone of the socket wall to the cement cover- packing after tooth removal, Proc Am Assoc Equine

ing the reserve crowns and the tooth roots. The Pract 46:180, 2000.

gingiva has a mucous membrane surface with a 15. Lillich JD: Complications of dental surgery, Vet

dense internal fibrous attachment to the perios- Clin N Am Equine Pract 14:399, 1998.

teum and the peripheral cement of the tooth. Even 16. Pascoe JR: Complications of dental surgery, Proc

Am Assoc Equine Pract 37:141, 1991.
in cases with extensive periodontal disease, there 17. Dixon PM, Tremaine WH, Pickles K, et al: Equine

may be significant remaining gingival or peri- dental disease. Part 4: a long-term study of 400

odontal ligament attachments to make tooth cases: apical infections of cheek teeth, Equine Vet J

removal difficult, particularly in young horses 32:182, 2000.

where the reserve crown may be as long as 18. Lane GJ: Equine dental extraction-repulsion vs

8cm. buccotomy: techniques and results. Proceedings

of the 5th World Veterinary Dental Congress,

Birmingham, 1997.

REFERENCES 19. Lowder MQ: Diseases of the teeth. In Colahan PT,

Mayhew IG, Merritt AM, Moore TN, editors: Equine

medicine and surgery, ed 5, Philadelphia, 1999,
1. Prichard MA, Hackett RP, Erb HN: Long term

outcome of tooth repulsion in horses. A retrospec- Mosby.

tive study of 61 cases, Vet Surg 21:145, 1992. 20. Baker GJ: Endodontic therapy. In Baker GJ, Easley

2. Schumacher J, Honnas CM: Dental surgery, Vet J, editors: Equine dentistry. London, 1999, WB

Clin N Am Equine Pract 9:133, 1993. Saunders.

3. Dixon PM: Dental extraction and endodontic tech- 21. Carmalt JL, Barber SM: Periapical curettage: an

niques in horses, Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 19:628, alternative surgical approach to infected mandibu-
lar cheek teeth in horses, Vet Surg 33:267, 2004.
1997.