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Potential Applications of Natural Antioxidants in Meat and Meat Products 113
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TABLE 3.2 Major Active Constituents and Antioxidative Capacities of Herbs/Spices
(Modified from Charles, 2013; Prior et al., 2003).
Herb/spice Active constituents Total ORAC value
(μm TE/100) g
Basil Eugenol, apigenin, limonene, ursolic acid, methyl 4805 (fresh)
cinnamate, 1,8-cineole, α-terpinene, anthocyanins,
β-sitosterol, carvacrol, citronellol, farnesol, geraniol,
kaempferol, menthol, p-coumaric acid, quercetin,
rosmarinic acid, rutin, safrole, tannin, catechin
Marjoram Sinapic acid, ferulic acid, coumarinic acid, caffeic acid, 27,297 (fresh)
syringic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,
limonene, ursolic acid, α-pinene, α-terpinene, p-cymene,
rosmarinic acid, sterols, apigenin
Oregano Apigenin, rosmarinic acid, luteolin, quercetin, 13,970 (fresh)
myricetin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, diosmetin,
protocatechuic acid, eriodictyol, carvacrol, thymol
Sage α-Pinene, β-pinene, geraniol, limonene, 1,8-cineole, 32,004 (fresh)
perillyl alcohol, citral, β-sitosterol, farnesol, ferulic
acid, gallic acid, β-carotene, catechin, apigenin, luteolin,
saponin, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid,
vanillic acid, caffeic acid, carnosol
Cinnamon Cinnamic aldehyde, 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, 131,420 (ground)
eugenol, myristicin, cinnamate, phenolics
Clove Eugenol, isoeugenol, gallic acid, flavonoids, phenolic 290,283 (ground)
acids
Ginger Zingiberone, zingiberene, ar-curcumene, gingerol, 39,041 (ground)
paradol, shogaols, zingerone, curcumin, zerumbone
Nutmeg Caffeic acid, argenteane, myristicin, lignans, catechin 69,640 (ground)
Oregano Apigenin, rosmarinic acid, luteolin, quercetin, 175,295 (dried)
myricetin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, diosmetin,
protocatechuic acid, eriodictyol, carvacrol, thymol
Black Piperidine, piperine, limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, 34,053
pepper sarmentine, guineesine, isoquercetin
Rosemary Carnosol, carnosic acid, rosmanol, ursolic acid, 165,280 (dried)
1,8-cineole, geraniol, α-pinene, limonene, β-carotene,
apigenin, naringin, luteolin, caffeic acid, rosmarinic
acid, rosmanol, vanillic acid, diosmetin
Sage α-Pinene, β-pinene, geraniol, limonene, 1,8-cineole, 119,929 (ground)
perillyl alcohol, citral, β-sitosterol, farnesol, ferulic
acid, gallic acid, β-carotene, catechin, apigenin, luteolin,
saponin, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid,
vanillic acid, caffeic acid, carnosol